In working memory (WM), successful maintenance of information is affected by interference. Older adults may be especially susceptible to the effects of interference, which may cause age-related cognitive impairments. A relative score of IC was derived from cross-sectional (n = 869) and longitudinal (n = 443) data to investigate (1) if IC is reduced in normal aging, (2) if individual differences in IC related to individual performance in other cognitive domains, and (3) if 5-year change in IC is related to change in general cognition. Older age was associated with reduced IC, but no decline in IC occurred over 5 years. Also, the ability to control interference in WM was related to performance in episodic memory, verbal fluency, and block design. We also found that IC mediates the relationship between age and cognition, suggesting that age-related cognitive decline is linked to IC. Finally, we demonstrate that change in IC was related to decline in episodic memory.

中文翻译：

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工作记忆的主动干扰与成年年龄和认知因素有关：来自白桦树研究的横断面和纵向证据。

在工作记忆 (WM) 中，信息的成功维护受到干扰。老年人可能特别容易受到干扰的影响，这可能会导致与年龄相关的认知障碍。IC 的相对分数来自横断面 (n = 869) 和纵向 (n = 443) 数据，以调查 (1) IC 在正常衰老过程中是否降低，(2) IC 的个体差异是否与个人表现有关其他认知领域，以及 (3) IC 的 5 年变化是否与一般认知的变化有关。高龄与 IC 降低有关，但 5 年内 IC 没有降低。此外，控制 WM 干扰的能力与情景记忆、语言流畅性和块设计的表现有关。我们还发现 IC 介导了年龄和认知之间的关系，表明与年龄相关的认知能力下降与 IC 相关。最后，我们证明 IC 的变化与情景记忆的下降有关。