The Ror‐family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), consisting of Ror1 and Ror2, play crucial roles in morphogenesis and formation of various tissues/organs, including the bones and skeletal muscles, the so‐called musculoskeletal system, during embryonic development, by acting as receptors or coreceptors for a noncanonical Wnt protein Wnt5a. Furthermore, several lines of evidence have indicated that Ror1 and/or Ror2 play critical roles in the regeneration and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system in adults. Considering the anatomical and functional relationship between the skeleton and skeletal muscles, their structural and functional association might be tightly regulated during their embryonic development, development after birth, and their regeneration after injury in adults. Importantly, in addition to their congenital anomalies, much attention has been paid onto the age‐related disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including osteopenia and sarcopenia, which affect severely the quality of life. In this article, we overview recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Ror1‐ and/or Ror2‐mediated signaling in the embryonic development, regeneration in adults, and congenital and age‐related disorders of the musculoskeletal system and discuss possible therapeutic approaches to locomotive syndromes by modulating Ror1‐ and/or Ror2‐mediated signaling.

中文翻译：

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非经典 Wnt 配体和 Ror 家族受体酪氨酸激酶在肌肉骨骼系统发育、再生和疾病中的作用。

由 Ror1 和 Ror2 组成的 Ror 家族受体酪氨酸激酶 (RTK) 在胚胎发育过程中通过作用于各种组织/器官的形态发生和形成，包括骨骼和骨骼肌，即所谓的肌肉骨骼系统，发挥着至关重要的作用。作为非经典 Wnt 蛋白 Wnt5a 的受体或辅助受体。此外，多条证据表明 Ror1 和/或 Ror2 在成人肌肉骨骼系统的再生和维持中起关键作用。考虑到骨骼和骨骼肌之间的解剖和功能关系，它们的结构和功能关联可能在它们的胚胎发育、出生后发育以及成人损伤后的再生过程中受到严格的调节。重要的是，除了他们的先天异常，与年龄相关的肌肉骨骼系统疾病，包括严重影响生活质量的骨质减少和肌肉减少症，受到了广泛关注。在本文中，我们概述了我们对 Ror1 和/或 Ror2 介导的信号在胚胎发育、成人再生以及肌肉骨骼系统的先天性和年龄相关疾病中的作用的理解的最新进展，并讨论了可能的治疗方法通过调节 Ror1 和/或 Ror2 介导的信号传导来引起机车综合征。