Pair housing is one of the most important components of behavioral management for caged macaques; however, it can result in aggression and injury if partners are incompatible. Knowing when to proceed and when to stop social introductions can be challenging, and can have consequences for the partners. We examined whether behavior early in social introductions predicted success (i.e., partners remained cohoused with full contact for at least 28 days) in 724 female-female and 477 male-male rhesus macaque pairs. We took cage side one-zero focal observations on pairs during the first 2 days of full contact, recording social and aggressive behaviors. The majority of pairs (79.6% of female and 83.0% of male) were successful. The most common behaviors exhibited by pairs during these observations were maintaining proximity, tandem threats, and anxiety. Mounting was also relatively common in male pairs. Grooming and close social contact (e.g., touching) were not common in our study. Several behaviors observed on Day 1 significantly predicted pairing success. For females, these included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and groom. Day 1 predictors of success for male pairs included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and social contact. Fewer behaviors predicted success on Day 2. Maintaining proximity on Day 2 predicted success for both sexes, but tandem threat predicted success only for females. Behaviors that predicted incompatibility for females on Day 1 included displace, grimace, threat, bite, and other aggressive contacts. Day 1 predictors of separation for male pairs were displaced, grimace, and abnormal behavior. The only Day 2 behavior that correlated with incompatibility was grimace, which was predictive for males. Interestingly, aggression did not predict incompatibility for male pairs. Identifying behaviors exhibited by monkeys early in the pair introduction that are predictive of long-term compatibility can shape pairing decisions, reducing later stress and potential injury.

中文翻译：

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猕猴（Macaca mulatta）配对成功的行为预测因子。

配对住房是笼养猕猴行为管理的最重要组成部分之一。但是，如果伴侣不相容，可能会导致侵略和伤害。知道何时进行和何时停止社交介绍可能是具有挑战性的，并且可能对合作伙伴造成影响。我们检查了社会介绍早期的行为是否预测了724对雌性和477对雄性恒河猴猕猴中的成功（即，伴侣保持完全接触至少28天）。在完全接触的前两天，我们对成对的笼子侧零零点观察，记录了社交和攻击行为。大多数配对（女性占79.6％，男性占83.0％）成功。在这些观察过程中，成对出现的最常见行为是保持亲近感，串联威胁和焦虑感。在雄对中安装也相对普遍。在我们的研究中，修饰和紧密的社会接触（例如，触摸）并不普遍。在第1天观察到的几种行为显着预测了配对成功。对于女性而言，这些包括接近，串连威胁，臀部不稳，坐骑和新郎。男性配对成功的第1天预测因素包括接近度，串联威胁，臀部出现，坐骑和社交。较少的行为可以预测第2天的成功。在第2天保持接近度可以预测两性的成功，而纵排威胁则仅预测女性的成功。预测女性在第1天不相容的行为包括移位，鬼脸，威胁，叮咬和其他攻击性接触。第一天的男性成对分离预测因素是移位，鬼脸和异常行为。第2天与不相容性相关的唯一行为是做鬼脸，这对男性是可预测的。有趣的是，攻击性并不能预测男性配对的不相容性。在引入配对的早期识别猴子表现出的可预测长期相容性的行为可以塑造配对决策，从而减少以后的压力和潜在的伤害。