The presence of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals (HMs) in surface sediments originating from lakes Volvi, Kerkini, and Doirani (N. Greece), as well as their fractionation patterns, were investigated. No statistically significant differences in total P content were observed among the studied lakes, but notable differences were observed among sampling periods. HM contents in all lakes presented a consistent trend, i.e., Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, while the highest concentrations were recorded in Lake Kerkini. Most of the HMs exceeded probable effect level value indicating a probable biological effect, while Ni in many cases even exceeded threshold effects level, suggesting severe toxic effects. P was dominantly bound to metal oxides, while a significant shift toward the labile fractions was observed during the spring period. The sum of potentially bioavailable HM fractions followed a downward trend of Mn > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd for most lakes. The geoaccumulation index I_geo values of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn in all lakes characterized the sediments as “unpolluted,” while many sediments in lakes Volvi and Kerkini were characterized as “moderately to heavily polluted” with regard to Cd. The descending order of potential ecological risk \(E_{\text{r}}^{i}\) was Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Zn > Mn for all the studied lakes. Ni and Cr presented the highest toxic risk index values in all lake sediments. Finally, the role of mineralogical divergences among lake sediments on the contamination degree was signified.

研究了源自沃尔维湖，凯尔基尼湖和多伊拉尼湖（希腊北部）的地表沉积物中磷（P）和重金属（HMs）的存在及其分馏模式。在所研究的湖泊之间，未观察到总磷含量的统计学显着差异，但在采样期之间观察到显着差异。所有湖泊中的HM含量呈一致趋势，即Mn> Cr> Zn> Pb> Ni> Cu> Cd，而在Kerkini湖中记录到最高浓度。大多数HMs超过可能的效应水平值，表明可能的生物学效应，而Ni在许多情况下甚至超过阈值效应水平，表明严重的毒性作用。P主要与金属氧化物结合，而在春季期间观察到向不稳定部分的显着变化。对于大多数湖泊，潜在的可生物利用的HM分数之和遵循Mn> Cr> Pb> Zn> Cu> Ni> Cd的下降趋势。地积累指数我_地理在所有湖泊铬，铜，锰，镍，和锌的值，其特征在于所述沉积物为“无污染”，而在湖泊和卷六许多Kerkini沉积物表征为“中度至严重污染”关于镉。所有研究湖泊的潜在生态风险\（E _ {\ text {r}} ^ {i} \）的降序为Cd> Pb> Cu> Ni> Cr> Zn> Mn。镍和铬在所有湖泊沉积物中的毒性风险指数最高。最后，表明了沉积物中矿物学差异对污染程度的影响。