OBJECTIVE A distinctive feature of the modern human foot is the presence of a medial longitudinal arch when weight-bearing. Although the talus and calcaneus play a major role in the structure and function of the human foot, the association between the morphology of these bones and longitudinal arch height has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of this relationship may assist in the interpretation of pedal remains of fossil hominins, where features of the foot and ankle morphology have been described as providing evidence for the presence of a longitudinal arch. METHODS For this study, weight-bearing radiographs of 103 patients from an urban US Level 1 trauma center, taken as part of a clinical examination for medical evaluation, were selected. These radiographs were classified as to foot type by arch height as defined using the calcaneal inclination angle. From this group, 68 radiographs were suitable for linear and angular measurements of the talus and 74 of the calcaneus. The relationships between these measurements and arch height were explored using least squared linear regression analysis. RESULTS The results demonstrate that angular measurements of the calcaneus (particularly those that reflect the relationship of the talar articular facets to each other and the tilt of the calcaneocuboid joint to the longitudinal axis of the calcaneus) are predictive of arch height (r2 = .29-.44 p ≤ .001). All angular measurements of the talus and all examined linear measurements of both the talus and calcaneus were not predictive of arch height. DISCUSSION These results suggest that certain angular measurements of the calcaneus are associated with arch height in the modern human foot. While this information is useful in the interpretation of hominin pedal remains, the relationship of the morphology of these bones, as well as other bones of the foot, to arch height is complex, requiring further investigation.

中文翻译：

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成人扁平足型距骨和跟骨的影像学测量。

目的现代人脚的一个显着特征是负重时存在内侧纵弓。尽管距骨和跟骨在人脚的结构和功能中起主要作用，但这些骨骼的形态与纵向弓高之间的关联尚未得到充分研究。更好地理解这种关系可能有助于解释人化石的脚蹬残骸，其中脚和脚踝形态的特征已被描述为纵弓的存在提供了证据。方法本研究选择了来自美国城市1级创伤中心的103例患者的负重X光片，并将其作为医学评估的临床检查的一部分。这些放射线照片根据足弓高度（根据跟骨倾斜角定义）分为足部类型。从该组中，有68幅射线照片适合于距骨和跟骨的74度的线性和角度测量。使用最小二乘线性回归分析探索了这些测量值与足弓高度之间的关系。结果结果表明，跟骨的角度测量（特别是反映距骨关节小关节彼此之间的关系以及跟骨跟骨关节相对于跟骨纵轴的倾斜的角度测量）可预测牙弓高度（r2 = .29） -.44 p≤.001）。距骨的所有角度测量值以及距骨和跟骨的所有检查的线性测量值均不能预测足弓高度。讨论这些结果表明，跟骨的某些角度测量值与现代人脚的足弓高度有关。尽管此信息可用于解释人脚踏板残骸，但这些骨骼以及脚的其他骨骼的形态与足弓高度的关系非常复杂，需要进一步研究。