Stomatal development is regulated by signaling pathways that function in multiple cellular programs, including cell fate and cell division. However, recent studies suggest that molecular signals are affected by CO2 concentration, light intensity, and water pressure deficit, thereby modifying distribution patterns and stomatic density and likely other foliar features as well. Here, we show that in addition to lacking chloroplasts, the albino somaclonal variants of Agave angustifolia Haw present an irregular epidermal development and morphological abnormalities of the stomatal complex, affecting the link between the stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis, as well as the development of the stoma in the upper part of the leaves. In addition, we show that changes in the transcriptional levels of SPEECHLESS (SPCH), TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 and 6 (MAPK4 and MAPK6) and FOUR LIPS (FLP), all from the meristematic tissue and leaf, differentially modulate the stomatal function between the green, variegated and albino in vitro plantlets of A. angustifolia. Likewise, we highlight the conservation of microRNAs miR166 and miR824 as part of the regulation of AGAMOUS-LIKE16 (AGL16), recently associated with the control of cell divisions that regulate the development of the stomatal complex. We propose that molecular alterations happening in albino cells formed from the meristematic base can lead to different anomalies during the transition and specification of the stomatal cell state in leaf development of albino plantlets. We conclude that the molecular alterations in the meristematic cells in albino plants might be the main variable associated with stoma distribution in this phenotype.

中文翻译：

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龙舌兰白化苗由于分子破坏而改变了气孔复合体的发育，从而失去了气孔生理功能。

气孔发育受在多种细胞程序（包括细胞命运和细胞分裂）中起作用的信号通路的调节。但是，最近的研究表明，分子信号受CO2浓度，光强度和水压不足的影响，从而改变了分布模式和气孔密度以及可能的其他叶面特征。在这里，我们表明，除了缺乏叶绿体以外，龙舌兰的白化体细胞无性系变种还表现出不规则的表皮发育和气孔复合体的形态异常，影响了气孔导度，蒸腾作用和光合作用之间的联系，以及叶子上部的气孔。此外，我们还显示了SPEECHLESS（SPCH），TOO MANY MOUTHS（TMM），来自分生组织和叶的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶4和6（MAPK4和MAPK6）和四个LIPS（FLP），差异地调节了A. angustifolia绿色，杂色和白化病体外植株的气孔功能。同样，我们重点介绍了微RNA miR166和miR824的保守性，这是AGAMOUS-LIKE16（AGL16）调控的一部分，最近与调控气孔复合体发育的细胞分裂有关。我们建议在由分生组织形成的白化细胞中发生的分子改变可以在白化植物小叶的叶片发育过程中气孔细胞状态的过渡和规范过程中导致不同的异常。