Alternative pre-mRNA splicing generates multiple mRNA isoforms of different structures and functions from a single gene. While the prevalence of alternative splicing control is widely recognized, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have long been studied, the physiological relevance and biological necessity for alternative splicing are only slowly being revealed. Significant inroads have been made in the brain, where alternative splicing regulation is particularly pervasive and conserved. Various aspects of brain development and function (from neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, to the homeostasis of neuronal activity) involve alternative splicing regulation. Recent studies have begun to interrogate the possible role of alternative splicing in axon formation, a neuron-exclusive morphological and functional characteristic. We discuss how alternative splicing plays an instructive role in each step of axon formation. Converging genetic, molecular, and cellular evidence from studies of multiple alternative splicing regulators in different systems shows that a biological process as complicated and unique as axon formation requires highly coordinated and specific alternative splicing events. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.

中文翻译：

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轴突形成的选择性剪接编程。

替代的前体 mRNA 剪接从单个基因产生不同结构和功能的多种 mRNA 同种型。虽然选择性剪接控制的普遍性已得到广泛认可，并且其潜在的调控机制也早已得到研究，但选择性剪接的生理相关性和生物学必要性才慢慢被揭示出来。在大脑中取得了重大进展，其中选择性剪接调节特别普遍和保守。大脑发育和功能的各个方面（从神经发生、神经元迁移、突触发生到神经元活动的稳态）都涉及选择性剪接调节。最近的研究已经开始询问选择性剪接在轴突形成中的可能作用，轴突形成是神经元独有的形态和功能特征。我们讨论了选择性剪接如何在轴突形成的每个步骤中发挥指导作用。来自不同系统中多个可变剪接调节因子研究的融合遗传、分子和细胞证据表明，像轴突形成一样复杂和独特的生物过程需要高度协调和特定的可变剪接事件。本文归类为：RNA 加工 > 疾病和发育中的剪接调控/选择性剪接 RNA > 发育中的 RNA。来自不同系统中多个选择性剪​​接调节因子研究的细胞证据表明，像轴突形成这样复杂而独特的生物过程需要高度协调和特定的选择性剪接事件。本文归类为：RNA 加工 > 疾病和发育中的剪接调控/选择性剪接 RNA > 发育中的 RNA。来自不同系统中多个选择性剪​​接调节因子研究的细胞证据表明，像轴突形成这样复杂而独特的生物过程需要高度协调和特定的选择性剪接事件。本文归类为：RNA 加工 > 疾病和发育中的剪接调控/选择性剪接 RNA > 发育中的 RNA。