Titainum (Ti) implants have been successfully used in orthopaedic and dental surgery. However, poor early bone tissue integration is still a common cause of implant failure. This could be modulated by improving the material bonding or adhesion directly to the bone by surface roughening and/or a bioresorbable and osteoconductive coating. In this study, we report on the biological behaviours of the Ti substrate with modified surface roughness and/or a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coating. The roughened Ti surface was prepared using an acid etching reaction, and the CaCO3 coating on the substrates was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of Ti in calcium citrate complexes. This study demonstrates that surface roughening of Ti alone does not improve the biological response of the MC3T3-E1 cells, but a CaCO3 coating on the smooth Ti surface increases cell responses, and these effects are further enhanced by the combination of coating a roughened Ti surface with CaCO3. The larger the cell area, the greater the cell proliferation and increased bone-like nodule formation were observed on the CaCO3 coating of the roughened Ti surface. This observation was also supported by a higher ALP value. The cell behaviours found in the current study further support the development of CaCO3 coatings towards clinical application.

中文翻译：

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MC3T3-E1在钛上水热反应制备的碳酸钙涂层上的生物响应。

钛（Ti）植入物已成功用于骨科和牙科手术。然而，不良的早期骨组织整合仍然是植入失败的常见原因。这可以通过表面粗糙化和/或生物可吸收和骨传导性涂层改善直接与骨骼的材料粘合或粘合来调节。在这项研究中，我们报告了具有改良的表面粗糙度和/或碳酸钙（CaCO3）涂层的钛基材的生物学行为。使用酸蚀刻反应制备粗糙的Ti表面，并通过在柠檬酸钙络合物中对Ti进行水热处理来在基材上合成CaCO3涂层。这项研究表明，仅Ti的表面粗糙化并不能改善MC3T3-E1细胞的生物学反应，但是在光滑的Ti表面上形成CaCO3涂层会增加细胞响应，并且通过结合用CaCO3涂层在粗糙的Ti表面上进一步增强这些效果。在粗糙的Ti表面的CaCO3涂层上观察到细胞面积越大，细胞增殖越大，骨状结节形成越多。更高的ALP值也支持了这一观察结果。在当前研究中发现的细胞行为进一步支持了CaCO3涂层向临床应用的发展。更高的ALP值也支持了这一观察结果。在当前研究中发现的细胞行为进一步支持了CaCO3涂层向临床应用的发展。更高的ALP值也支持了这一观察结果。在当前研究中发现的细胞行为进一步支持了CaCO3涂层向临床应用的发展。