Ceramic fuel cells, such as solid oxide fuel cells, convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly to electricity. To make these to a commercial success, several challenges need to be solved such as lowering the operating temperature and improving long‐term stability. Since ceramic fuel cells are complex nanolevel structures, it is crucial to understand how the actual nanostructure of the cell is linked to its macroscopic performance. This paper reviews how different microscopic techniques have been used to obtain information of the fuel cell structure in both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional and how this information have been used to solve problems related to the cell performance. Finally, the paper proposes how recent development in the field of microscopy could be applied to fuel cell studies.

中文翻译：

---

陶瓷燃料电池分析的微观技术

诸如固体氧化物燃料电池之类的陶瓷燃料电池将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能。为了使它们取得商业成功，需要解决一些挑战，例如降低工作温度和提高长期稳定性。由于陶瓷燃料电池是复杂的纳米级结构，因此了解电池的实际纳米结构如何与其宏观性能联系起来至关重要。本文概述了如何使用不同的微观技术来获取二维和三维燃料电池结构的信息，以及如何使用此信息来解决与电池性能相关的问题。最后，本文提出了显微镜领域的最新进展如何可以应用于燃料电池研究。