Shale gas could help address the insatiable global demand for energy. However, in addition to risks of environmental pollution, the risk of induced seismicity during the hydraulic fracturing process is often considered as the major showstopper in the public acceptability of shale gas as an alternative source of fossil fuel. Other types of subsurface energy development have also demonstrated similar induced seismicity risks. This article presents an interdisciplinary review of notable cases of suspected induced seismicity relating to subsurface energy operations, covering operations for hydraulic fracturing, wastewater injection, conventional gas extraction, enhanced geothermal systems and water impoundment. Possible causal mechanisms of induced seismicity are described and illustrated, then methods to mitigate induced seismicity, encompassing regulations, including so‐called traffic light systems, monitoring and assessment, and numerical modeling approaches for predicting the occurrence of induced seismicity are outlined. Issues relating to public perception of energy technologies in regards to induced seismicity potential are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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解决地下能源运营中诱发地震的风险

页岩气可以帮助解决全球对能源的无限需求。但是，除了环境污染的风险外，在水力压裂过程中诱发地震的风险通常被认为是页岩气作为化石燃料替代来源的公众可接受性的主要表现。其他类型的地下能量开发也显示出类似的诱发地震危险。本文介绍了涉及地下能量作业的疑似诱发地震活动的重大案例的多学科综述，涵盖了水力压裂，废水注入，常规瓦斯抽采，增强的地热系统和蓄水的作业。描述并说明了诱发地震活动的可能原因机制，然后介绍了减轻诱发地震活动的方法，概述了包括法规在内的法规，包括所谓的交通信号灯系统，监视和评估以及用于预测诱发地震活动发生的数值建模方法。还讨论了与公众对能源技术的感应地震活动潜力有关的问题。