BackgroundLife expectancy is increasing in the HIV-positive population and age-related non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, (CVD) are seen more frequently. This study investigated to what extent HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with CVD risk in an urban African population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, between July 2016 and November 2017. Both HIV-positive adults (ART-naïve, or on first- or second-line ART), as well as age and sex matched HIV-negative controls who were family or friends of the HIV-positive participants were included. Data were collected on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, HIV-related characteristics, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid distensibility. The association between HIV, ART and CIMT and distensibility was analysed with linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender and CVD risk factors.ResultsThe study included 548 participants, 337 (62%) females, age 38.3 ± 9.5 years of whom 104 (19.0%) were HIV-positive, ART-naïve; 94 (17.2%) were on first-line ART; 197 (35.9%) were on second-line ART; and 153 (27.9%) were HIV-negative. Participants on second-line ART had higher CIMT and lower distensibility compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, these outcomes were similar between groups. Further adjustment for CVD and HIV-related factors did not alter the findings.ConclusionNeither HIV nor ART was associated with CIMT or carotid distensibility in this urban African population. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between HIV and CVD across different populations.

中文翻译：

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非洲城市人口的心血管疾病风险：艾滋病毒和抗逆转录病毒治疗作用的横断面分析


背景 HIV 阳性人群的预期寿命不断延长，心血管疾病 (CVD) 等与年龄相关的非传染性疾病也越来越常见。本研究调查了 HIV 和抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 与非洲城市人群 CVD 风险之间的关联程度。方法 2016 年 7 月至 2017 年 11 月期间在南非约翰内斯堡进行了一项横断面研究。未接受过 ART 治疗，或接受过一线或二线 ART 治疗），以及年龄和性别匹配的 HIV 阴性对照，即 HIV 阳性参与者的家人或朋友。收集的数据包括人口统计、心血管危险因素、HIV 相关特征、颈动脉内膜中层厚度 (CIMT) 和颈动脉扩张性。使用线性回归模型分析 HIV、ART 和 CIMT 与扩张性之间的关联，并调整年龄、性别和 CVD 危险因素。 结果该研究包括 548 名参与者，其中 337 名 (62%) 女性，年龄 38.3 ± 9.5 岁，其中 104 名 (19.0 %) 为 HIV 阳性、未接受过 ART 治疗； 94 人（17.2%）接受一线 ART； 197 例 (35.9%) 正在接受二线 ART； 153 人（27.9%）HIV 呈阴性。与其他组相比，二线 ART 参与者的 CIMT 较高，扩张性较低 (p < 0.001)。调整年龄后，各组之间的结果相似。对 CVD 和 HIV 相关因素的进一步调整并没有改变研究结果。 结论 在非洲城市人群中，HIV 或 ART 均与 CIMT 或颈动脉扩张无关。需要进行纵向研究才能充分了解不同人群中艾滋病毒和心血管疾病之间的关系。