The state-of-the-art in research of the mobility of nanoparticles in polymer melts is presented. It is important to determine the mechanisms of diffusion processes in these systems and factors affecting the diffusion of nanoparticles of different sizes when developing methods for controlling the distribution of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites that play an increasingly important role in various industries. The modern theoretical concepts of the diffusion of small particles in solutions and polymer melts, as well as results of computer simulation and experimental studies, are discussed. It is shown that the key factor determining the nature of the motion of nanoparticles is the ratio of the particle size to the characteristic dimensions of the polymer, which explains the strong relationship between the mobility of nanoparticles and the local structure of polymer molecules.

介绍了研究纳米粒子在聚合物熔体中的迁移性的最新技术。在开发控制纳米粒子在聚合物纳米复合材料中的分布的方法时，确定这些系统中扩散过程的机理和影响不同尺寸纳米粒子扩散的因素非常重要，而该方法在各种行业中起着越来越重要的作用。讨论了小颗粒在溶液和聚合物熔体中扩散的现代理论概念，以及计算机模拟和实验研究的结果。结果表明，决定纳米粒子运动性质的关键因素是粒径与聚合物特征尺寸之比，