Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the largest-scale eruptive phenomenon in the solar system, expanding from active region-sized nonpotential magnetic structure to a much larger size. The bulk of plasma with a mass of ∼ 10¹¹,10¹³ kg is hauled up all the way out to the interplanetary space with a typical velocity of several hundred or even more than 1000 km s⁻¹, with a chance to impact our Earth, resulting in hazardous space weather conditions. They involve many other much smaller-sized solar eruptive phenomena, such as X-ray sigmoids, filament/prominence eruptions, solar flares, plasma heating and radiation, particle acceleration, EIT waves, EUV dimmings, Moreton waves, solar radio bursts, and so on. It is believed that, by shedding the accumulating magnetic energy and helicity, they complete the last link in the chain of the cycling of the solar magnetic field. In this review, I try to explicate our understanding on each stage of the fantastic phenomenon, including their pre-eruption structure, their triggering mechanisms and the precursors indicating the initiation process, their acceleration and propagation. Particular attention is paid to clarify some hot debates, e.g., whether magnetic reconnection is necessary for the eruption, whether there are two types of CMEs, how the CME frontal loop is formed, and whether halo CMEs are special.

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冠状物质抛射：模型及其观察基础

日冕物质抛射（CME）是太阳系中规模最大的喷发现象，从活动区域大小的非势能磁性结构扩展到更大的大小。等离子体具有质〜10的散装¹¹，10 ¹³公斤拉上来一路出到星际空间的数百或甚至超过1000公里S的典型速度^-1，有机会冲击我们的地球，导致危险的太空天气。它们涉及许多其他更小尺寸的太阳爆发现象，例如X射线乙状结肠，细丝/突出爆发，太阳耀斑，等离子加热和辐射，粒子加速，EIT波，EUV调光，摩尔顿波，太阳无线电爆发等。上。可以相信，通过消除积累的磁能和螺旋度，它们完成了太阳磁场循环链中的最后一个环节。在这篇评论中，我试图阐明我们对奇妙现象的每个阶段的理解，包括它们的喷发前结构，触发机制以及指示启动过程，加速和传播的前兆。要特别注意澄清一些热门辩论，例如，