In this review, our present day understanding of the Sun’s global photospheric and coronal magnetic fields is discussed from both observational and theoretical viewpoints. Firstly, the large-scale properties of photospheric magnetic fields are described, along with recent advances in photospheric magnetic flux transport models. Following this, the wide variety of theoretical models used to simulate global coronal magnetic fields are described. From this, the combined application of both magnetic flux transport simulations and coronal modeling techniques to describe the phenomena of coronal holes, the Sun’s open magnetic flux and the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is discussed. Finally, recent advances in non-eruptive global MHD models are described. While the review focuses mainly on solar magnetic fields, recent advances in measuring and modeling stellar magnetic fields are described where appropriate. In the final section key areas of future research are identified.

中文翻译：

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太阳的全球光球和日冕磁场：观测和模型

在这篇评论中，我们从观测和理论的角度讨论了我们对太阳的全球光球和日冕磁场的当今理解。首先，描述了光球磁场的大规模性质，以及光球磁通量传输模型的最新进展。在此之后，描述了用于模拟整体日冕磁场的各种理论模型。由此，讨论了磁通量传输模拟和日冕建模技术的结合应用，以描述日冕孔现象，太阳的开放磁通量和太阳灯丝的半球图案。最后，描述了非爆发性全球MHD模型的最新进展。这篇评论主要针对太阳磁场，在适当的地方描述了测量和建模恒星磁场的最新进展。在最后一节中，确定了未来研究的关键领域。