We report a large piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃), 720 pC/N and converse piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃^*), 2215 pm/V for 0.55(Ba_0.9Ca_0.1)TiO₃‐0.45Ba(Sn_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃ ceramics; the biggest value achieved for lead‐free piezoceramics so far. The ceramic powders were calcined between 1050°C‐1350°C and sintered at 1480°C. The best properties were obtained at a calcination temperature (CT) of 1350°C. The fitting combination of processing and microstructural parameters for example, initial powder particle size >2 µm, ceramics density ~95%, and grain size ~40 µm led to a formation of orthorhombic‐tetragonal‐pseudo‐cubic (O‐T‐PC) mixed phase boundary near room temperature, supported by Raman spectra, pointed to the extremely high piezoelectric activity. These conditions significantly increase piezoelectric constants, together with high relative permittivity (ε _r) >5000 and a low loss tangent (tan δ ) of 0.029. In addition, the d ₃₃ value stabilizes in the range of 400‐500 pC/N for all samples calcined between 1050°C and 1250°C. The results entail that the (Ba,Ca)(Sn,Ti)O₃ ceramics are strong contenders to be a substitute for lead‐based materials for room temperature applications.

中文翻译：

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0.55（Ba0.9Ca0.1）TiO3-0.45Ba（Sn0.2Ti0.8）O3高压电无铅陶瓷的加工

我们报道了0.55（Ba _0.9 Ca _0.1）TiO ₃ ‐0.45Ba（Sn _0.2 Ti _0.8）O ₃的大压电常数（d ₃₃），720 pC / N和相反的压电常数（d ₃₃ ^*），2215 pm / V陶瓷; 迄今为止，无铅压电陶瓷实现的最大价值。陶瓷粉末在1050°C–1350°C之间煅烧，并在1480°C下烧结。在1350°C的煅烧温度（CT）下可获得最佳性能。加工和微观结构参数的拟合组合，例如，初始粉末粒度> 2 µm，陶瓷密度〜95％，晶粒大小〜40 µm，导致了正交晶-四边形-伪立方（O-T-PC）的形成在拉曼光谱的支持下，室温附近的混合相边界指出了极高的压电活性。这些条件下具有高的相对介电常数（显著提高压电常数，一起ε _{- [R}）> 5000和低的损耗角正切（黄褐色δ的0.029）。另外，d对于在1050°C至1250°C之间煅烧的所有样品，₃₃值稳定在400-500 pC / N的范围内。结果表明，（Ba，Ca）（Sn，Ti）O ₃陶瓷是有力的竞争者，可以替代室温应用中的铅基材料。