Increasing exploitation of marine natural resources and expansion of energy infrastructure, shipping, and aquaculture across the oceans are placing increased pressure on marine life. Biodiversity offsets, as the last stage of the mitigation hierarchy, provide an opportunity to promote a more sustainable basis for development by addressing residual impacts and achieving “no net loss” for biodiversity. Despite debate around their effectiveness, biodiversity offsets are seeing increasing application on land but remain a rarely used tool in the marine environment. We assess how offsets can be applied in the marine environment to achieve better biodiversity outcomes, and identify implications for conservation policy and practice. For instance, spatial conservation planning provides opportunities to move away from a siloed, project‐by‐project, approach by pooling offsets on a regional scale. There are real differences between marine and terrestrial environments in relation to ecology, connectivity, data availability, management options, and impact perception, and marine offsets are therefore often regarded as challenging. However, fundamental offset principles, types, and approaches apply equally on land and at sea. Marine biodiversity offset approaches can build on the experience of terrestrial offsets but can also innovate to help achieve biodiversity gains and contribute toward global and national biodiversity targets.

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海洋生物多样性的抵消：务实的方法以取得更好的保护成果

海洋自然资源的日益开发以及整个海洋能源基础设施，航运和水产养殖的扩展，给海洋生物带来了越来越大的压力。作为减缓等级制度的最后阶段，生物多样性补偿通过解决残留影响和实现生物多样性“无净损失”，提供了一个机会，以促进更可持续的发展基础。尽管人们对其有效性进行了辩论，但生物多样性补偿措施在土地上的应用正在增加，但在海洋环境中仍然很少使用。我们评估如何在海洋环境中应用补偿措施，以取得更好的生物多样性成果，并确定对保护政策和实践的影响。例如，空间保护规划提供了摆脱孤立的，逐个项目的机会，通过在区域范围内合并补偿来实现。海洋和陆地环境在生态，连通性，数据可用性，管理选项和影响感知方面存在真正的差异，因此，海洋抵消通常被认为具有挑战性。但是，基本抵消原则，类型和方法在陆地和海上同样适用。海洋生物多样性抵消方法可以借鉴陆地抵消的经验，但也可以进行创新，以帮助实现生物多样性的增长并为全球和国家生物多样性目标做出贡献。因此，海上补偿通常被认为具有挑战性。但是，基本抵消原则，类型和方法在陆地和海上同样适用。海洋生物多样性抵消方法可以借鉴陆地抵消的经验，但也可以进行创新，以帮助实现生物多样性的增长并为全球和国家生物多样性目标做出贡献。因此，海上补偿通常被认为具有挑战性。但是，基本抵消原则，类型和方法在陆地和海上同样适用。海洋生物多样性抵消方法可以借鉴陆地抵消的经验，但也可以进行创新，以帮助实现生物多样性的增长并为全球和国家生物多样性目标做出贡献。