Abstract Prediction of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has concerned researchers for many decades. Several precursors (e.g. seismic, geodetic, geochemical, geological, atmospheric/ionospheric, geomagnetic, electrical) have been observed shortly before an earthquake or volcanic event. However, no precursor, that can accurately be used for forecasting, has yet been discovered due to the involvement of several complex overlapping and interacting physical and chemical processes. In particular, the non-linearity of actual eruptions or quakes implies a high statistical uncertainty about location of measurement devices. Among geochemical precursors, radon gas in groundwater and soil is considered a notable precursor, used to detect chemical and physical changes during the generation of earthquakes and volcanic events. This article critically reviews progress in radon-based monitoring from the year 2000 onwards and catalogs anomalous radon variations found in groundwater and soils. A future deployment of large sensor networks of 1000–10,000 detectors for radon and also thoron detection would bring a shift in paradigm with respect to long-term earthquake and volcanic monitoring. Such a dense network would enable rapid and precise measurements of radon over large areas resulting in establishing significant and relevant statistical data. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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作为地震和火山前兆的氡监测的最新进展：批判性审查

摘要 几十年来，地震和火山爆发的预测一直是研究人员关注的问题。在地震或火山事件之前不久已经观察到了几种前兆（例如地震、大地测量、地球化学、地质、大气/电离层、地磁、电）。然而，由于涉及几个复杂的重叠和相互作用的物理和化学过程，尚未发现可以准确用于预测的前兆。特别是，实际喷发或地震的非线性意味着测量设备位置的高度统计不确定性。在地球化学前体中，地下水和土壤中的氡气被认为是显着的前体，用于检测地震和火山事件发生期间的化学和物理变化。本文批判性地回顾了 2000 年以来基于氡的监测进展，并对地下水和土壤中发现的异常氡变化进行了编目。未来部署用于氡和钍探测的 1000-10,000 个探测器的大型传感器网络将带来长期地震和火山监测范式的转变。这样一个密集的网络将能够在大范围内快速和精确地测量氡气，从而建立重要和相关的统计数据。图形概要 用于氡和钍探测的 000 探测器将带来长期地震和火山监测范式的转变。这样一个密集的网络将能够在大范围内快速和精确地测量氡气，从而建立重要和相关的统计数据。图形概要 用于氡和钍探测的 000 探测器将带来长期地震和火山监测范式的转变。这样一个密集的网络将能够在大范围内快速和精确地测量氡气，从而建立重要和相关的统计数据。图形概要