Emotions are part and parcel of the human condition, but their nature is debated. Three broad classes of theories about the nature of emotions can be distinguished: affect-program theories, constructionist theories, and appraisal theories. Integrating these broad classes of theories into a unifying theory is challenging. An integrative psychometric model of emotions can inform such a theory because psychometric models are intertwined with theoretical perspectives about constructs. To identify an integrative psychometric model, we delineate properties of emotions stated by emotion theories and investigate whether psychometric models account for these properties. Specifically, an integrative psychometric model of emotions should allow (a) identifying distinct emotions (central in affect-program theories), (b) between- and within-person variations of emotions (central in constructionist theories), and (c) causal relationships between emotion components (central in appraisal theories). Evidence suggests that the popular reflective and formative latent variable models-in which emotions are conceptualized as unobservable causes or consequences of emotion components-cannot account for all properties. Conversely, a psychometric network model-in which emotions are conceptualized as systems of causally interacting emotion components-accounts for all properties. The psychometric network model thus constitutes an integrative psychometric model of emotions, facilitating progress toward a unifying theory.

中文翻译：

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走向情感的综合心理测量模型。


情绪是人类状况的重要组成部分，但其本质仍存在争议。关于情绪本质的理论可以分为三大类：情感程序理论、建构主义理论和评价理论。将这些广泛的理论整合成一个统一的理论是具有挑战性的。情绪的综合心理测量模型可以为这样的理论提供信息，因为心理测量模型与构造的理论观点交织在一起。为了确定综合心理测量模型，我们描述了情感理论所述的情感属性，并研究心理测量模型是否解释了这些属性。具体来说，情绪的综合心理测量模型应该允许（a）识别不同的情绪（情感程序理论的核心），（b）人与人之间和人内的情绪变化（建构主义理论的核心），以及（c）因果关系情感成分之间（评估理论的核心）。有证据表明，流行的反思性和形成性潜变量模型（其中情绪被概念化为情绪成分的不可观察的原因或后果）无法解释所有属性。相反，心理测量网络模型（其中情绪被概念化为因果相互作用的情绪成分系统）解释了所有属性。因此，心理测量网络模型构成了情感的综合心理测量模型，促进了统一理论的进展。