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Stabilization of indocyanine green dye in polymeric micelles for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and cancer treatment.
Biomaterials Science ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1039/c9bm02010a
Gil Yeroslavsky 1 , Masakazu Umezawa 2 , Kyohei Okubo 2 , Karina Nigoghossian 3 , Doan Thi Kim Dung 4 , Keiji Miyata 3 , Masao Kamimura 2 , Kohei Soga 2
Affiliation  

One of the most commonly used near infrared (NIR) dyes is indocyanine green (ICG), which has been extensively used for NIR bioimaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. However, upon excitation this dye can react with molecular oxygen to form singlet oxygen (SO), which can then cleave ICG to form non-fluorescent debris. In order to reduce the reaction between ICG and oxygen, we used energy transfer (ET) between the former and the NIR dye IR-1061. The two dyes were encapsulated in micelles composed of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG). Micelles were characterized for their size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and were found to measure about 35 nm in diameter. Fluorescence emission measurements were conducted to show that the stability of ICG against photodecomposition is increased. Moreover, this increased stability allows the encapsulated dye to generate more heat and for a longer time, compared to its free form. Studies with a SO indicator showed that as more IR-1061 is added to the micelles, less SO is produced. These results show how by changing the amount of added IR-1061 it is possible to tune the heat and SO generated by the system. Cell viability studies demonstrated that while particles were nontoxic under physiological conditions, upon 808 nm irradiation they become potent at eradicating MCF7 cancer cells. Moreover, it was demonstrated that both the increase of temperature and the creation of decomposition debris play a role in the cytotoxic efficacy of the micelles. Dye-loaded micelles that were injected to live mice showed bright fluorescence in the over 1000 nm NIR (OTN-NIR) region, allowing for visualization of blood vessels and internal organs. Most importantly, the encapsulated dyes remained stable for over 30 minutes, gradually accumulating in the liver and spleen. The presence of IR-1061 in addition to the heat-generating dye ICG allowed for simultaneous temperature modification and monitoring. We were able to assess the change in temperature by measuring the change in the fluorescence intensity of IR-1061 in the OTN-NIR region, a range with deep penetration of living tissues. These features illustrate the potential use of ICG/IR-1061 in PCL-PEG micelles as promising candidates for cancer treatment and diagnosis.

中文翻译:

用于NIR-II荧光成像和癌症治疗的聚合物胶束中吲哚菁绿色染料的稳定化。

最常用的近红外(NIR)染料之一是吲哚菁绿(ICG),它已广泛用于NIR生物成像,光热和光动力疗法。但是,在激发后,这种染料可以与分子氧反应形成单线态氧(SO),然后可以裂解ICG形成非荧光碎片。为了减少ICG与氧气之间的反应,我们使用了前者与NIR染料IR-1061之间的能量转移(ET)。两种染料被封装在由生物相容性聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL-PEG)组成的胶束中。使用动态光散射(DLS)对胶束的尺寸进行了表征,发现胶束的直径约为35 nm。进行荧光发射测量以表明ICG对光分解的稳定性增加。此外,与游离形式相比,这种提高的稳定性可使被包封的染料产生更多的热量并持续更长的时间。使用SO指示剂的研究表明,随着向胶束中添加更多IR-1061,产生的SO越少。这些结果表明,如何通过改变IR-1061的添加量来调节系统产生的热量和SO。细胞活力研究表明,尽管颗粒在生理条件下是无毒的,但在808 nm辐射下,它们在消灭MCF7癌细胞方面具有强大的作用。此外,已证明温度的升高和分解碎片的产生均在胶束的细胞毒性功效中起作用。注射到活小鼠中的载有染料的胶束在1000 nm NIR(OTN-NIR)区域显示出明亮的荧光,可以可视化血管和内部器官。最重要的是,被包封的染料在30分钟内保持稳定,并逐渐在肝脏和脾脏中积累。除了生热染料ICG之外,IR-1061的存在还允许同时进行温度修改和监控。我们能够通过测量OTN-NIR区域中IR-1061的荧光强度的变化来评估温度的变化,OTN-NIR区域是深深穿透活组织的范围。这些功能说明了PCG-PEG胶束中ICG / IR-1061的潜在用途,有望用作癌症治疗和诊断的有希望的候选者。除了生热染料ICG之外,IR-1061的存在还允许同时进行温度修改和监控。我们能够通过测量OTN-NIR区域中IR-1061的荧光强度的变化来评估温度的变化,OTN-NIR区域是深深穿透活组织的范围。这些功能说明了PCG-PEG胶束中ICG / IR-1061的潜在用途,有望用作癌症治疗和诊断的有希望的候选者。除了生热染料ICG之外,IR-1061的存在还允许同时进行温度修改和监控。我们能够通过测量OTN-NIR区域中IR-1061的荧光强度的变化来评估温度的变化,OTN-NIR区域是深深穿透活组织的范围。这些功能说明了PCG-PEG胶束中ICG / IR-1061的潜在用途,有望用作癌症治疗和诊断的有希望的候选者。
更新日期:2020-04-24
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