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Insulin-PI3K signalling: an evolutionarily insulated metabolic driver of cancer.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology ( IF 31.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0329-9
Benjamin D Hopkins 1, 2 , Marcus D Goncalves 3, 4 , Lewis C Cantley 3
Affiliation  

Cancer is driven by incremental changes that accumulate, eventually leading to oncogenic transformation. Although genetic alterations dominate the way cancer biologists think about oncogenesis, growing evidence suggests that systemic factors (for example, insulin, oestrogen and inflammatory cytokines) and their intracellular pathways activate oncogenic signals and contribute to targetable phenotypes. Systemic factors can have a critical role in both tumour initiation and therapeutic responses as increasingly targeted and personalized therapeutic regimens are used to treat patients with cancer. The endocrine system controls cell growth and metabolism by providing extracellular cues that integrate systemic nutrient status with cellular activities such as proliferation and survival via the production of metabolites and hormones such as insulin. When insulin binds to its receptor, it initiates a sequence of phosphorylation events that lead to activation of the catalytic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a lipid kinase that coordinates the intake and utilization of glucose, and mTOR, a kinase downstream of PI3K that stimulates transcription and translation. When chronically activated, the PI3K pathway can drive malignant transformation. Here, we discuss the insulin-PI3K signalling cascade and emphasize its roles in normal cells (including coordinating cell metabolism and growth), highlighting the features of this network that make it ideal for co-option by cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss how this signalling network can affect therapeutic responses and how novel metabolic-based strategies might enhance treatment efficacy for cancer.

中文翻译:

胰岛素-PI3K 信号:一种进化隔离的癌症代谢驱动因素。

癌症是由累积的增量变化驱动的,最终导致致癌转化。尽管基因改变主导着癌症生物学家对肿瘤发生的看法,但越来越多的证据表明,系统性因素(例如,胰岛素、雌激素和炎性细胞因子)及其细胞内通路激活了致癌信号并促成了可靶向的表型。随着越来越多的靶向和个性化治疗方案被用于治疗癌症患者,全身因素在肿瘤起始和治疗反应中都可能发挥关键作用。内分泌系统通过提供细胞外信号来控制细胞生长和新陈代谢,这些信号通过产生代谢物和激素(如胰岛素)将全身营养状态与细胞活动(如增殖和存活)结合起来。当胰岛素与其受体结合时,它会启动一系列磷酸化事件,从而激活磷酸肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 的催化活性,PI3K 是一种协调葡萄糖摄入和利用的脂质激酶,mTOR 是一种下游激酶。 PI3K 刺激转录和翻译。当长期激活时,PI3K 通路可以驱动恶性转化。在这里,我们讨论了胰岛素-PI3K 信号级联,并强调了它在正常细胞中的作用(包括协调细胞代谢和生长),强调了这个网络的特点,使其成为癌细胞共同选择的理想选择。此外,我们讨论了这种信号网络如何影响治疗反应,以及新的基于代谢的策略如何提高癌症的治疗效果。它启动一系列磷酸化事件,导致磷酸肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 的催化活性激活,PI3K 是一种协调葡萄糖摄入和利用的脂质激酶,mTOR 是 PI3K 下游的一种激酶,可刺激转录和翻译。当长期激活时,PI3K 通路可以驱动恶性转化。在这里,我们讨论了胰岛素-PI3K 信号级联,并强调了它在正常细胞中的作用(包括协调细胞代谢和生长),强调了这个网络的特点,使其成为癌细胞共同选择的理想选择。此外,我们讨论了这种信号网络如何影响治疗反应,以及新的基于代谢的策略如何提高癌症的治疗效果。它启动一系列磷酸化事件,导致磷酸肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 的催化活性激活,PI3K 是一种协调葡萄糖摄入和利用的脂质激酶,mTOR 是 PI3K 下游的一种激酶,可刺激转录和翻译。当长期激活时,PI3K 通路可以驱动恶性转化。在这里,我们讨论了胰岛素-PI3K 信号级联,并强调了它在正常细胞中的作用(包括协调细胞代谢和生长),强调了这个网络的特点,使其成为癌细胞共同选择的理想选择。此外,我们讨论了这种信号网络如何影响治疗反应,以及新的基于代谢的策略如何提高癌症的治疗效果。
更新日期:2020-03-03
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