Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.

纹状体中的运动控制是由各种神经元群体演奏的乐团。由于多巴胺缺乏引起的和声丧失被认为是帕金森氏病（PD）症状的主要病理原因。实验方法的最新进展使我们能够以更全面的方式检查纹状体回路，不仅重塑了我们对运动调节中纹状体功能的理解，而且还为开发治疗PD的治疗策略带来了新的机遇。除了多巴胺能神经支配，纹状体内的巨大棘突胆碱能神经元（ChIs）长期以来一直被认为是平衡多巴胺信号传导和调节运动的关键节点。随着ChI在电机控制中的作用得到进一步发现，并且可以使用更具体的操作，纹状体ChIs及其相应的受体正在成为PD的新的有希望的治疗靶标。这篇综述总结了纹状体回路功能研究的最新进展，并讨论了这些新发现对PD治疗的转化意义。