Thirty MaFLAs vary in their molecular features. MaFLA14/18/27/29 are likely to be involved in banana chilling tolerance by facilitating the cold signaling pathway and enhancing the cell wall biosynthesis. Although several studies have identified the molecular functions of individual fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (FLA) genes in plant growth and development, little information is available on their involvement in plant tolerance to low-temperature (LT) stress, and the related underlying mechanism is far from clear. In this study, the different expression of FLAs of banana (Musa acuminata) (MaFLAs) in the chilling-sensitive (CS) and chilling-tolerant (CT) banana cultivars under natural LT was investigated. Based on the latest banana genome database, a genome-wide identification of this gene family was done and the molecular features were analyzed. Thirty MaFLAs were distributed in 10 out of 11 chromosomes and these clustered into four major phylogenetic groups based on shared gene structure. Twenty-four MaFLAs contained N-terminal signal, 19 possessed predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), while 16 had both. Most MaFLAs were downregulated by LT stress. However, MaFLA14/18/29 were upregulated by LT in both cultivars with higher expression level recorded in the CT cultivar. Interestingly, MaFLA27 was significantly upregulated in the CT cultivar, but the opposite occurred for the CS cultivar. MaFLA27 possessed only N-terminal signal, MaFLA18 contained only GPI anchor, MaFLA29 possessed both, while MaFLA14 had neither. Thus, it was suggested that the accumulation of these FLAs in banana under LT could improve banana chilling tolerance through facilitating cold signal pathway and thereafter enhancing biosynthesis of plant cell wall components. The results provide background information of MaFLAs, suggest their involvement in plant chilling tolerance and their potential as candidate genes to be targeted when breeding CT banana.

中文翻译：

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全基因组分析香蕉成束蛋白样AGP基因及其在低温胁迫下低温胁迫下耐寒品种的差异表达。

三十个 MaFLA 的分子特征各不相同。MaFLA14/18/27/29 可能通过促进冷信号通路和增强细胞壁生物合成参与香蕉耐寒性。尽管一些研究已经确定了单个类成束蛋白阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白 (FLA) 基因在植物生长发育中的分子功能，但关于它们参与植物对低温 (LT) 胁迫耐受性的信息很少，相关的潜在机制是远未清楚。在本研究中，研究了自然 LT 条件下香蕉 (Musa acuminata) (MaFLA) 在低温敏感 (CS) 和耐低温 (CT) 香蕉品种中 FLA 的不同表达。基于最新的香蕉基因组数据库，对该基因家族进行了全基因组鉴定，并对分子特征进行了分析。30 个 MaFLA 分布在 11 条染色体中的 10 条中，这些染色体基于共享的基因结构分为四个主要的系统发育组。24 个 MaFLA 包含 N 端信号，19 个具有预测的糖基磷脂酰肌醇 (GPI)，而 16 个具有两者。大多数 MaFLA 被 LT 应激下调。然而，在两个品种中，MaFLA14/18/29 被 LT 上调，在 CT 品种中记录的表达水平较高。有趣的是，MaFLA27 在 CT 品种中显着上调，但在 CS 品种中则相反。MaFLA27 仅具有 N 端信号，MaFLA18 仅包含 GPI 锚，MaFLA29 具有两者，而 MaFLA14 两者都没有。因此，有人提出，这些 FLA 在 LT 下在香蕉中的积累可以通过促进冷信号通路进而增强植物细胞壁成分的生物合成来提高香蕉的耐寒性。结果提供了 MaFLA 的背景信息，表明它们参与植物耐寒性以及它们作为培育 CT 香蕉时目标候选基因的潜力。