Reports of anatoxins poisoning of wildlife and domestic animals by toxigenic cyanobacteria in streams and rivers are increasing globally. Little is known about the taxonomy, morphology and genomics of anatoxins producing species, limiting our knowledge about their environmental preferences. We isolated three benthic non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterial strains from the Russian River in Northern California (USA), which produce anatoxin-a and dihydroanatoxin-a. Both 16S rRNA and protein sequence phylogenetic analyses showed that the strains represent a distinct new member of the cyanobacterial genus Microcoleus (Oscillatoriales). A novel species, Microcoleus anatoxicus is described and accompanied with light microscope photomicrographs, toxin profiles and the complete anatoxin-a gene cassette with the first description of the anaK gene in Microcoleus.

全球范围内，有关溪流和河流中由致毒性蓝细菌引起的野生动植物和家畜的毒素毒素中毒的报道越来越多。关于产生毒素的物种的分类，形态和基因组学知之甚少，这限制了我们对它们的环境偏好的了解。我们从北加利福尼亚州（美国）的俄罗斯河中分离出了三种底栖非杂藻性丝状蓝细菌菌株，它们分别产生了抗毒素-a和双氢毒素-a。16S rRNA和蛋白质序列系统发育分析均表明，该菌株代表了蓝细菌属Microcoleus（Oscillatoriales）的独特新成员。一种新的物种，Anacoleus描述并伴随有光学显微镜的显微照片，毒素型材和完整的类毒素-的基因与所述的第一描述盒安卡在基因Microcoleus。