Background

Fish contains a variety of essential nutrients, which may contribute to multiple health benefits in humans. Conversely, it also may contain contaminants, resulting in confusion over the health impact of fish consumption.

Scope and approach

To assess the strength and validity of associations between fish intake and multiple health outcomes. We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans.

Key findings and conclusions: Of the 55 unique outcomes in the identified 89 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, fish consumption did more benefit than harm for a variety of health outcomes with largest risk reduction at 2 to 4 servings per week. Dose-response analyses revealed that every 20 g/d (approximately one serving/week) increment could decrease 2%–7% risk of coronary heart disease mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, gastrointestinal cancer, metabolic syndrome, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Beneficial associations were also found for cancers, atopic, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ophthalmologic outcomes. Caution is warranted for potential allergy or contamination when advising during pregnancy and young children. Fish intake appears generally safe in this umbrella review with largest risk reduction for a range of health outcomes at two to four servings per week, and seems more beneficial than harmful. High-quality prospective studies are needed.

中文翻译：

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鱼类消费与多种健康结果：雨伞评论

背景

鱼含有多种必需的营养素，可能对人类健康产生多种影响。相反，它也可能含有污染物，导致鱼类食用对健康的影响造成混淆。

范围和方法

评估鱼类摄入量与多种健康结果之间关联的强度和有效性。我们对人类的系统评价和荟萃分析进行了总体评估。

主要发现和结论：在确定的89项系统评价和荟萃分析中的55种独特结果中，鱼类消费对各种健康结果的好处大于危害，而危害却是最大的危害，每周减少2至4份。剂量反应分析表明，每增加20 g / d（约一周一次），可以降低2％–7％的冠心病死亡率，心血管疾病死亡率，全因死亡率，中风，心肌梗塞，急性冠脉综合征的风险，心力衰竭，胃肠道癌，代谢综合症，痴呆症和阿尔茨海默氏病。在癌症，特应性，肌肉骨骼，胃肠道和眼科预后方面也发现了有益的联系。在怀孕期间和幼儿期间进行建议时，应谨慎对待潜在的过敏或污染。在这份总体评估中，鱼的摄入量通常看起来是安全的，对于一系列健康结果而言，每周最多可减少2到4份食物，从而最大程度地降低了风险，并且似乎有益无害。需要高质量的前瞻性研究。