Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and malignant tumor with an exceedingly high mortality rate. The quality of life and survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients with metastasis are poor compared with those without metastasis. Thus far, no effective treatment strategy has been established for metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Therefore, an appropriate therapeutic method based on the elimination of metastatic pancreatic cancer is critical to improve patient outcome. Tumor-targeted vaccines have been widely discussed in recent studies and enabled important breakthroughs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer by preventing the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance and activating the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. T cells can be activated by the stimulation of tumor-targeted vaccines, but to mount an effective immune response, both immune checkpoint inhibitors and positive costimulatory molecules are required. In this review, we discuss potential tumor-targeted vaccines that can target pancreatic cancer, elaborate the probably appropriate combination of vaccines therapy and evaluate the underlying benefits as well as obstacles in the current therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

中文翻译：

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转移性胰腺癌的新治疗策略和观点：疫苗治疗不只是一种理论

胰腺癌是一种侵袭性和恶性肿瘤，死亡率极高。与无转移的胰腺癌​​患者相比，有转移的胰腺癌​​患者的生活质量和生存率较差。迄今为止，尚未建立针对转移性胰腺癌患者的有效治疗策略。因此，基于消除转移性胰腺癌的适当治疗方法对于改善患者预后至关重要。在最近的研究中，针对肿瘤的疫苗已被广泛讨论，并且通过防止肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视并激活免疫系统消除癌细胞，在胰腺癌治疗中取得了重要突破。T细胞可以通过刺激针对肿瘤的疫苗而被激活，但是为了产生有效的免疫反应，免疫检查点抑制剂和共刺激分子都是必需的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可以靶向胰腺癌的潜在肿瘤靶向疫苗，阐述了可能合适的疫苗治疗组合，并评估了目前转移性胰腺癌治疗的潜在益处以及障碍。