There is increasing awareness that even in fully turbulent boundary layers, large‐scale structures in the form of hairpin vortices abound. Although their implications are not all that clear at the present time, they seem to play an important role in turbulent flows. Due to the inherent unpredictability of hairpin vortices in their natural state, in the past effort has been made to generate synthetic hairpin vortices in a laminar boundary layer; from their study considerable insight into the processes underlying various features of turbulent flows has been gained. Contrary to those preceding studies where attention has been directed to the flows external to hairpin vortices, interest here is focused solely upon their interiors: the possible existence of cross‐flow transport inside the cores of the hairpin legs. In synthetic hairpin vortices, the presence of such a corewise transport away from a wall surface, or the ‘‘tornado effect,’’ is substantiated in a water tunnel with flow visualization techniques. The effect is also verified using heated fluid injected near the wall surface by measuring the temperature at various points along the hairpin vortex core.

中文翻译：

---

发夹旋涡中的岩心横向流传输—“龙卷风效应”

人们越来越意识到，即使在完全 湍流边界层 发夹形式的大型结构 旋涡盛产。尽管目前尚不清楚它们的含义，但它们似乎在湍流。 由于发夹固有的不可预测性 旋涡 在自然状态下，过去一直在努力合成合成发夹 旋涡 在一个 层状边界层 从他们的研究中，可以洞悉 湍流已获得。与先前的研究相反，之前的研究已经将注意力集中在流 发夹外部 旋涡这里的兴趣仅集中在它们的内部：错流的可能存在运输在发夹腿的核心内。在合成发夹中旋涡 这样一个核心的存在 运输 远离墙壁表面或“龙卷风效应”，在带有 流可视化技术。使用注入壁面附近的加热流体也可以验证这种效果。测量 发夹各点的温度 涡流 核心。