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Mechanistic-Insight-Driven Rate Enhancement of Asymmetric Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Enones
Organometallics ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00005
Ryan Nouch 1 , Simon Woodward 1 , Darren Willcox 1, 2 , David Robinson 3 , William Lewis 4, 5
Affiliation  

The combination of [Cu(MeCN)4]TFA·TFAH (TFA = O2CCF3) with Feringa’s phosphoramidite ligand (LA) provides an exceptionally active (0.75 mol %) catalyst for asymmetric conjugate additions of ZnR2 (R = Et and Me at −40 to −80 °C) to enones. Kinetic and other studies of the addition of ZnEt2 to cyclohex-2-en-1-one indicate a transition state stoichiometry composition of (ZnEt2)3(enone)4Cu2(LA)3 that is generated by transmetalation from Et2Zn(enone)2. Catalyst genesis is significantly slower than turnover (which has limited previous attempts to attain useful kinetic data); in the initial stages, varying populations of catalytically inactive, off-cycle, species are present. These issues are overcome by a double-dose kinetic analysis protocol. A rest state of [LACu(Et)(μ-TFA)(μ-{(enone)(ZnEt)2(enolate)})CuLA2]+ (through the equivalence of enolate = enone + ZnEt2) is supported by DFT studies (ωB97X-D/SRSC). Rate-determining ZnEt2(enone)2 transmetalation drives the exceptionally high catalytic activity of this system.

中文翻译:

机械视角驱动速率的不对称铜催化二烷基锌试剂与烯酮的1,4-加成反应

所述的组合物[Cu(MeCN中)4 ] TFA·TFAH(TFA = O 2 CCF 3)与Feringa的的亚磷酰胺配位体(大号)提供了异常活性(0.75摩尔%)催化剂ZNR的不对称共轭加成2(R =的Et和Me在-40至-80°C的温度下生成烯酮。动能和加入ZnEt的其他研究2至环己-2-烯-1-酮指示的转变状态的化学计量组合物(ZnEt 23(烯酮)4的Cu 2大号3,其通过转移金属化从Et产生2锌(烯酮)2。催化剂的产生显着慢于周转速度(这已经限制了先前获得有用动力学数据的尝试);在初始阶段,存在着各种催化惰性,非循环物种。通过双剂量动力学分析方案可以克服这些问题。[ L A Cu(Et)(μ-TFA)(μ-{(enone)(ZnEt)2(enolate )})Cu L A 2 ] +的静止状态(通过烯醇化物的等价物=烯酮+ ZnEt 2)由DFT研究(ωB97X-D/ SRSC)支持。速率决定型ZnEt 2(烯酮)2的金属转移驱动了该系统异常高的催化活性。
更新日期:2020-03-04
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