Rivers are fascinating ecosystems in which the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of organisms are constrained by particular features, and biologists have developed a wealth of knowledge about freshwater biodiversity patterns. Over the last 10 years, our group used a holistic approach to contribute to this knowledge by focusing on the causes and consequences of intraspecific diversity in rivers. We conducted empirical works on temperate permanent rivers from southern France, and we broadened the scope of our findings using experiments, meta‐analyses, and simulations. We demonstrated that intraspecific (genetic) diversity follows a spatial pattern (downstream increase in diversity) that is repeatable across taxa (from plants to vertebrates) and river systems. This pattern can result from interactive processes that we teased apart using appropriate simulation approaches. We further experimentally showed that intraspecific diversity matters for the functioning of river ecosystems. It indeed affects not only community dynamics, but also key ecosystem functions such as litter degradation. This means that losing intraspecific diversity in rivers can yield major ecological effects. Our work on the impact of multiple human stressors on intraspecific diversity revealed that—in the studied river systems—stocking of domestic (fish) strains strongly and consistently alters natural spatial patterns of diversity. It also highlighted the need for specific analytical tools to tease apart spurious from actual relationships in the wild. Finally, we developed original conservation strategies at the basin scale based on the systematic conservation planning framework that appeared pertinent for preserving intraspecific diversity in rivers. We identified several important research avenues that should further facilitate our understanding of patterns of local adaptation in rivers, the identification of processes sustaining intraspecific biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and the setting of reliable conservation plans.

中文翻译：

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一条河流穿过它：河流网络中种内多样性的原因、后果和管理。


河流是令人着迷的生态系统，其中生物体的生态进化动态受到特定特征的限制，生物学家已经掌握了有关淡水生物多样性模式的丰富知识。在过去的十年中，我们的小组使用整体方法通过关注河流种内多样性的原因和后果来贡献这方面的知识。我们对法国南部的温带永久性河流进行了实证研究，并通过实验、荟萃分析和模拟扩大了研究范围。我们证明了种内（遗传）多样性遵循一种空间模式（多样性的下游增加），该模式在类群（从植物到脊椎动物）和河流系统中是可重复的。这种模式可能是由我们使用适当的模拟方法梳理出来的交互过程产生的。我们进一步通过实验表明，种内多样性对于河流生态系统的功能至关重要。它确实不仅影响群落动态，还影响垃圾退化等关键生态系统功能。这意味着河流种内多样性的丧失可能会产生重大的生态影响。我们关于多种人类压力源对种内多样性影响的研究表明，在所研究的河流系统中，家养（鱼类）品种的放养强烈且持续地改变了多样性的自然空间模式。它还强调需要特定的分析工具来区分虚假关系和真实关系。最后，我们根据系统保护规划框架制定了流域规模的原始保护策略，该框架似乎与保护河流的种内多样性相关。 我们确定了几个重要的研究途径，这些途径应进一步促进我们了解河流的局部适应模式、识别维持种内生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的过程以及制定可靠的保护计划。