Background Fatty acids are crucial in embryologic development, including cardiogenesis. The impact of maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake on the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of CHDs in offspring. Methods We analyzed CHD cases and nonmalformed controls from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case−control, multicenter population-based study of birth defects. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the association between maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake and occurrence of CHDs. Results We examined 11,393 infants with CHDs (cases) and 11,029 infants without birth defects (controls). Multivariable analysis of maternal dietary fat intake adjusted for maternal energy intake demonstrated modest change in risk for 2 of the 25 CHDs analyzed; otherwise there was no association. Maternal dietary fat intake unadjusted for total energy was associated with increased risk for several CHDs. Conclusions After adjusting for total energy intake, maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake has a modest association with risk of a few specific CHDs. If maternal dietary fat intake does impact CHD risk, the effect is minimal. Impact In this large, case−control study, after adjusting for total caloric intake, maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake was not associated with increased odds of congenital heart defects. This study investigates the hypothesis that women’s periconceptional fat intake alters the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Our results raise questions about the role maternal fat intake may play in cardiogenesis and risk of congenital heart defects. Additionally, they raise the question about whether maternal lipid metabolism, as opposed to fat intake, may influence cardiac development.

中文翻译：

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母亲膳食脂肪摄入量与后代先天性心脏病的风险


背景 脂肪酸在胚胎发育（包括心脏发生）中至关重要。母亲围孕期饮食脂肪摄入量对先天性心脏缺陷（CHD）风险的影响尚未明确阐明。我们假设母亲在怀孕期间膳食脂肪的摄入量与后代患冠心病的风险有关。方法 我们分析了国家出生缺陷预防研究中的先心病病例和非畸形对照，这是一项基于病例对照、多中心人群的出生缺陷研究。我们使用多变量逻辑回归来分析母亲围孕期膳食脂肪摄入量与冠心病发生之间的关联。结果 我们检查了 11,393 名患有先天性心脏病的婴儿（病例）和 11,029 名无出生缺陷的婴儿（对照）。根据母亲能量摄入量调整母亲膳食脂肪摄入量的多变量分析表明，所分析的 25 种先天性心脏病中，有 2 种的风险发生适度变化；否则就没有关联。未根据总能量调整的母亲膳食脂肪摄入量与多种冠心病风险增加相关。结论 在调整总能量摄入后，母亲围孕期饮食脂肪摄入量与一些特定先心病的风险有一定的相关性。如果母亲膳食脂肪摄入量确实会影响冠心病风险，那么影响也是微乎其微的。影响 在这项大型病例对照研究中，调整总热量摄入后，母亲围孕期膳食脂肪摄入量与先天性心脏缺陷几率增加无关。这项研究调查了这样一个假设：女性围孕期脂肪摄入量会改变后代先天性心脏病的风险。我们的结果提出了关于母亲脂肪摄入在心脏发生和先天性心脏缺陷风险中可能发挥的作用的问题。 此外，他们还提出了一个问题：与脂肪摄入相反，母体脂质代谢是否可能影响心脏发育。