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Evidence-based and mechanistic insights into exclusion diets for IBS.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0270-3
Paul Moayyedi 1 , Magnus Simrén 2 , Premysl Bercik 1
Affiliation  

Exclusion diets are becoming increasingly popular in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several mechanisms exist by which food items might cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as direct osmotic effects of food in the gut lumen, changes to the gut microbiota and immune activation. These effects have been demonstrated in animal models and in human studies, particularly in the case of gluten-free diets and diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). Indeed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that gluten-free diets and low-FODMAP diets improve IBS symptoms, and guidelines recommend the latter approach for treating symptoms in some patients with IBS. Designing such RCTs is challenging as participants need to eat so an 'inert' placebo is not an option. Blinding is also an issue with these studies; in the future, new exclusion diets should not advertise what the diet consists of until it is proved to reduce symptoms. In this Review, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of each choice of control group and emphasize the importance of collecting mechanistic data (regarding direct effects of food on the gut lumen, changes in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation) as well as symptom data in RCTs of exclusion diets in IBS.

中文翻译:

对IBS排斥饮食的循证和机械性见解。

排他饮食在肠易激综合症(IBS)的管理中变得越来越流行。食物存在几种可能引起胃肠道症状的机制,例如食物在肠腔中的直接渗透作用,肠道菌群的变化和免疫激活。这些作用已在动物模型和人体研究中得到证实,尤其是在无麸质饮食和可发酵寡糖,二糖,单糖和多元醇(FODMAP)含量低的饮食中。确实,随机对照试验(RCT)提示无麸质饮食和低FODMAP饮食可以改善IBS症状,并且指南建议采用后一种方法治疗某些IBS患者的症状。由于参与者需要进食,因此设计此类RCT具有挑战性,因此不能选择“惰性”安慰剂。这些研究也存在盲点问题。在将来,新的排他性饮食在证明可以减轻症状之前,不应该宣传饮食组成。在本综述中,我们概述了每种对照组的优缺点,并强调了收集机械数据(关于食物对肠腔的直接作用,肠道菌群变化和肠道炎症的影响)以及RCT中症状数据的重要性。在IBS中排除饮食。
更新日期:2020-03-02
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