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The shape of a defense-growth trade-off governs seasonal trait dynamics in natural phytoplankton.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0619-1
Elias Ehrlich 1 , Nadja J Kath 1 , Ursula Gaedke 1
Affiliation  

Theory predicts that trade-offs, quantifying costs of functional trait adjustments, crucially affect community trait adaptation to altered environmental conditions, but empirical verification is scarce. We evaluated trait dynamics (antipredator defense, maximum growth rate, and phosphate affinity) of a lake phytoplankton community in a seasonally changing environment, using literature trait data and 21 years of species-resolved high-frequency biomass measurements. The trait data indicated a concave defense-growth trade-off, promoting fast-growing species with intermediate defense. With seasonally increasing grazing pressure, the community shifted toward higher defense levels at the cost of lower growth rates along the trade-off curve, while phosphate affinity explained some deviations from it. We discuss how low fitness differences of species, inferred from model simulations, in concert with stabilizing mechanisms, e.g., arising from further trait dimensions, may lead to the observed phytoplankton diversity. In conclusion, quantifying trade-offs is key for predictions of community trait adaptation and biodiversity under environmental change.

中文翻译:

防御增长折衷的形状决定着天然浮游植物的季节性状动态。

理论预测,权衡,量化功能性状调整的成本,会严重影响社区性状适应环境条件的变化,但缺乏实证检验。我们使用文献特征数据和21年的物种分辨高频生物量测量,评估了季节性变化环境中湖泊浮游植物群落的性状动力学(抗捕食者防御,最大生长率和磷酸盐亲和力)。性状数据表明防御与生长之间存在折衷关系,从而促进了具有中间防御的快速生长物种。随着季节性放牧压力的增加,社区朝着更高的防御水平转移,但代价是沿折衷曲线的增长率较低,而磷酸盐亲和力解释了一些偏离。我们讨论了物种的适应性差异如何低,根据模型模拟推断出的结果,以及与稳定机制(例如,由于其他特征量而产生的稳定机制)相结合,可能会导致观测到的浮游植物多样性。总之,量化权衡是预测环境变化下社区特征适应和生物多样性的关键。
更新日期:2020-03-03
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