The aim of this study was to synthesize Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and gluten/pectin/Fe₃O₄ composite hydrogel. This nano-hydrogel was then used to reduce sediment contamination in Lake Urmia (Iran). For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were chemically synthesized. Two types of composite Hydrogels including gluten/Fe₃O₄ and gluten/pectin/Fe₃O₄ composites were prepared by adding Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and pectin to wheat gluten. The properties of Hydrogels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction methods. SEM results showed that Fe₃O₄ particles were seed shape (30–60 nm). The results confirmed the physical interactions between magnetic nanoparticles, pectin and gluten. Subsequently, the prepared Hydrogels were used to reduce the pollution of Lake Urmia sediments. Central composite design was used to investigate the effect of interaction time and interaction temperature of hydrogel with sediment and the type of hydrogel. Qualitative characteristics of the sediments, including heavy metal concentrations (arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium), biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand COD, and organic compounds were investigated before and after treatment of sediments with hydrogel. The effect of hydrogel on enhancing sediment quality was investigated. The results showed that in the optimum condition removal efficiency of total heavy metals was 62% and removal efficiency of total organic compounds was 42%. The results also showed that gluten/pectin/Fe₃O₄ hydrogel had better performance in reducing environmental pollutants of sediment than wheat gluten/Fe₃O₄ hydrogel.

中文翻译：

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磁性谷蛋白/果胶/ Fe 3 O 4纳米水凝胶的合成及其在减少湖m沉积物中环境污染物中的应用

这项研究的目的是合成Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒和面筋/果胶/ Fe ₃ O ₄复合水凝胶。然后将这种纳米水凝胶用于减少Urmia湖（伊朗）中的沉积物污染。为此目的，化学合成了磁性纳米颗粒。通过添加Fe ₃ O ₄制备出两种类型的复合水凝胶，包括面筋/ Fe ₃ O ₄和面筋/果胶/ Fe ₃ O ₄复合物。纳米颗粒和果胶对小麦面筋。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），傅立叶变换红外和X射线衍射方法研究了水凝胶的性能。SEM结果表明Fe ₃ O ₄颗粒呈种子状（30-60 nm）。结果证实了磁性纳米颗粒，果胶和面筋之间的物理相互作用。随后，将制备的水凝胶用于减少Urmia湖沉积物的污染。采用中心复合设计研究了水凝胶与沉积物相互作用时间和相互作用温度对水凝胶类型的影响。在水凝胶处理沉积物之前和之后，研究了沉积物的定性特征，包括重金属浓度（砷，钡，镉，铅，汞和铬），生化需氧量和化学需氧量COD，以及有机化合物。研究了水凝胶对提高沉积物质量的影响。结果表明，在最佳条件下，总重金属的去除率为62％，总有机物的去除率为42％。结果还表明，面筋/果胶/铁₃ O ₄水凝胶比小麦面筋/ Fe ₃ O ₄水凝胶具有更好的减少沉积物环境污染物的性能。