Purpose

To evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Methods

Thirty-two patients with IDA (study group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. OCT-A scans were performed in a 6 × 6 mm area centered on the macula. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), non-flow area (NFA), FAZ perimeter (PERIM), acircularity index (AI) of FAZ, and foveal density (FD) were measured in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). SCP and DCP were also scanned centered on the optic disk. Hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin were also studied and compared for both groups.

Results

The mean age was 12.22 ± 4.48 years (ranged 5–18 years) in the study group and 12.37 ± 3.76 years (ranged 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean FAZ value was 0.290 ± 0.09 mm² in the study group and 0.298 ± 0.11 mm² in the control group. The mean NFA value was 0.477 ± 0.10 mm² in the study group and 0.486 ± 0.13 mm² in the control group (p > 0.05). FD and AI were not statistically significant between the study group and control group (p > 0.05). The mean value for SCP was statistically significant between the study group and control group (p < 0.05). The mean value for DCP was not significantly different between the study and control groups (p > 0.05). The mean values for capillary density on optic disk were also statistically significant between the study group and control group (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between serum iron, TIBC, and capillary plexus density (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between MCV and ferritin values and capillary plexus density (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

IDA had significantly lower capillary plexus density. We detected retinal microvascular changes in young IDA patients before significant ocular anomalies, especially ischemic changes, developed.

中文翻译：

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缺铁性贫血对儿童光学相干断层扫描血管造影确定的乳头周和黄斑血管密度的影响。

目的

通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A）评估缺铁性贫血（IDA）中的视网膜血管参数。

方法

研究入组了32名IDA患者（研究组）和30名健康儿童（对照组）。所有受试者均接受了全面的眼科检查。OCT-A扫描是在以黄斑为中心的6×6 mm区域进行的。测量浅表毛细血管丛（SCP）和深毛细血管丛（FAZ）的小凹无血管区域（FAZ），非血流区域（NFA），FAZ周长（PERIM），FAZ的圆度指数（AI）和小凹密度（FD）（ DCP）。SCP和DCP也在光盘上居中扫描。还对两组的血红蛋白（Hb），平均红细胞体积（MCV），血清铁，总铁结合能力（TIBC）和铁蛋白进行了研究和比较。

结果

研究组的平均年龄为12.22±4.48岁（5-18岁），对照组的平均年龄为12.37±3.76岁（6-18岁）。研究组的平均FAZ值为0.290±0.09 mm ²，对照组为0.298±0.11 mm ²。研究组的平均NFA值为0.477±0.10 mm ²，对照组的平均NFA值为0.486±0.13 mm ²（p  > 0.05）。在研究组和对照组之间，FD和AI均无统计学意义（p  > 0.05）。在研究组和对照组之间，SCP的平均值具有统计学意义（p  <0.05）。研究组和对照组之间DCP的平均值无显着差异（p  > 0.05）。在研究组和对照组之间，视盘上毛细血管密度的平均值也具有统计学意义（p  <0.05）。血清铁，TIBC和毛细血管丛密度之间呈负相关（p  <0.05）。MCV和铁蛋白值与毛细血管丛密度之间呈正相关（p  <0.05）。

结论

IDA的毛细血管丛密度明显降低。在出现严重的眼部异常，尤其是缺血性变化之前，我们检测了年轻IDA患者的视网膜微血管变化。