Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is increasingly being used in biosensing applications. Herein, we review the most recent developments in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensing based on TiO2 nanomaterials, as well as the mechanisms that lead to the improved performance of biosensors that incorporate these nanomaterials. The merits of TiO2-based ECL and PEC biosensing strategies are summarized by highlighting some illustrative examples that have been reported within the last 5 years. The future prospects for and challenges in this field are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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TiO2纳米材料在光电化学和电化学发光生物传感中的应用。

二氧化钛（TiO2）越来越多地用于生物传感应用。本文中，我们回顾了基于TiO2纳米材料的光电化学（PEC）和电化学发光（ECL）生物传感的最新进展，以及导致采用这些纳米材料的生物传感器性能提高的机理。TiO2基ECL和PEC生物传感策略的优点总结于过去5年中已报道的一些示例性实例中。还讨论了该领域的未来前景和挑战。