Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows remarkable propensity to metastasize. This predilection to escape from the primary tumor is driven by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms that guide cancer cells through a multi-step process concluding with colonization in distant tissues. Although cell-intrinsic features support the metastatic ability of cancer cells, permissive microenvironments within the primary organ and at sites of distant metastasis may be rate-limiting. Identification of cancer cell-extrinsic factors that regulate formation of these environments lend new therapeutic targets for intervening on the metastatic cascade. In addition, the bipolar, yet fundamental, role of the immune system in the metastatic process presents therapeutic opportunities. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the metastatic cascade in PDAC, and propose that genomically stable determinants of metastasis (e.g. the pro-metastatic niche and immune system) are actionable targets for preventing, containing, and treating metastasis in PDAC.

胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）显示出明显的转移倾向。逃避原发性肿瘤的这种偏爱是由旁分泌和自分泌机制驱动的，这些机制指导癌细胞通过多步骤过程完成，包括在远处组织中定植。尽管细胞内在功能支持癌细胞的转移能力，但主要器官内和远处转移部位的允许微环境可能是限速的。调节这些环境形成的癌细胞外源性因子的鉴定为介入转移级联反应提供了新的治疗靶标。另外，免疫系统在转移过程中的双极但基本的作用提供了治疗机会。在这里，我们回顾一下PDAC中转移级联的当前知识，