“Genomically” humanized animals are invaluable tools for generating human disease models and for biomedical research. Humanized animal models have generally been developed via conventional transgenic technologies; however, conventional gene delivery vectors such as viruses, plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, P1 phase-derived artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes have limitations for transgenic animal creation as their loading gene capacity is restricted, and the expression of transgenes is unstable. Transchromosomic (Tc) techniques using mammalian artificial chromosomes, including human chromosome fragments, human artificial chromosomes, and mouse artificial chromosomes, have overcome these limitations. These tools can carry multiple genes or Mb-sized genomic loci and their associated regulatory elements, which has facilitated the creation of more useful and complex transgenic models for human disease, drug development, and humanized animal research. This review describes the history of Tc animal development, the applications of Tc animals, and future prospects.

中文翻译：

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用于基因组人源化动物的转染色体技术

“基因组”人源化动物是生成人类疾病模型和生物医学研究的宝贵工具。人源化动物模型通常是通过传统的转基因技术开发的；然而，传统的基因传递载体，如病毒、质粒、细菌人工染色体、P1期人工染色体、酵母人工染色体等，由于其负载基因容量有限，且转基因表达不稳定，对于转基因动物的制备存在局限性。使用哺乳动物人工染色体（包括人类染色体片段、人类人工染色体和小鼠人工染色体）的转染色体（Tc）技术克服了这些局限性。这些工具可以携带多个基因或Mb大小的基因组位点及其相关调控元件，这有助于为人类疾病、药物开发和人源化动物研究创建更有用和更复杂的转基因模型。本文综述了Tc动物的发展历史、Tc动物的应用以及未来的前景。