A thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membrane was developed by combining a new substrate consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with the conventional polyamide active layer. The incorporation of the PVB additive (0 - 4 wt%) was to improve the hydrophilicity and alter the pore formation mechanism of the substrate to reduce the internal concentration polarization (ICP) effect in FO. The results showed that promising structural parameters of the CAB/PVB substrate such as A value (1.08 L.m^-2.h^-1.bar^-1) and S value (363.5 μm) could be obtained for the M2 substrate with 2 wt% PVB, due to the combined effect of finger-like pores and high porosity with high pore connectivity. The evaluation of the TFC-FO membranes showed that the water flux of the TFC-M2 was up to 27.5 L.m^-2.h^-1 with 1M NaCl draw solution in active-layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode, which was 40% and 130% flux enhancement compared to the reported commercial CTA and pure CAB control TFC membrane, respectively, with lower specific salt flux J_s / J_w (0.35 g/L). The fouling experiments using model feed containing BSA foulant showed that the TFC-M2 was almost unaffected (98%) by the dilutive ICP effect in the active-layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) mode; while it also exhibited the highest flux recovery of 88% in the AL-DS mode. Overall, the total mass transfer resistance R_t of the TFC-M2 was the lowest compared to all as-prepared TFC-FO membranes, indicating the key role of the PVB additive in tuning the CAB substrate structure for designing high performance FO membranes.

通过将由醋酸丁酸纤维素（CAB）和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）组成的新基材与常规聚酰胺活性层相结合，开发出了薄膜复合正向渗透（TFC-FO）膜。掺入PVB添加剂（0-4 wt％）是为了改善亲水性并改变基材的孔形成机理，从而降低FO中的内部浓度极化（ICP）效应。结果表明，CAB / PVB基材的有希望的结构参数例如A值（1.08 Lm ^-2 .h ^-1 .bar ^-1由于手指状孔隙和高孔隙率以及高孔隙连通性的综合作用，对于含2 wt％PVB的M2基材，可以获得S值（363.5μm）。对TFC-FO膜的评估表明，在1M NaCl拉伸溶液中，在活性层面对拉伸溶液（AL-DS）模式下，TFC-M2的水通量高达27.5 Lm ^-2 .h ^-1，这是与报道的商业CTA和纯CAB对照TFC膜相比，通量分别提高了40％和130％，而盐通量J _s / J _w较低（0.35 g / L）。使用含有BSA污垢的模型进料进行的结垢实验表明，在活性层面对进料溶液（AL-FS）模式下，TFC-M2几乎不受稀释ICP效应的影响（98％）。在AL-DS模式下，它还具有88％的最高通量恢复率。总体而言，与所有已制备的TFC-FO膜相比，TFC-M2的总传质阻力R _t最低，这表明PVB添加剂在调整CAB基板结构以设计高性能FO膜方面起着关键作用。