A wide variety of pesticides have been used in agriculture to increase the yield, quality and extend the storage life of crops. However, the use of pesticide has been increased now a day due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization. The continuous uses of these pesticides have resulted in contamination of the environment, crops and also caused potential risk to human health. For this reason, strict regulations are developed and regulated to monitor these compounds. To date, several techniques have been developed for the extraction and detection of pesticides, from traditional to advanced detection techniques. The present study delineates a comprehensive up to date overview of the available traditional methods (gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detector) to advanced pre-treatment (polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticle) and detection (sensor development and nanotechnology) techniques used in the analysis of pesticides residue in various fruits and vegetables. Also, pesticide categories and its toxicity have been discussed.

农业中已使用多种农药来提高产量，质量并延长农作物的储存寿命。但是，由于人口的不断增加和城市化的迅速发展，如今农药的使用每天都在增加。这些农药的连续使用导致环境，农作物的污染，还对人类健康造成潜在的风险。因此，制定了严格的法规来监控这些化合物。迄今为止，从传统的检测技术到高级的检测技术，已经开发出了几种用于农药提取和检测的技术。本研究概述了可用的传统方法（气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法以及各种检测器）的最新综合概述。）先进的预处理（聚苯乙烯包覆的磁性纳米粒子）和检测（传感器开发和纳米技术）技术，用于分析各种水果和蔬菜中的农药残留。此外，已经讨论了农药种类及其毒性。