The newly discovered systematic placement of Bactrodesmium abruptum, the lectotype species of the genus, prompted a re-evaluation of the traditionally broadly conceived genus Bactrodesmium. Fresh material, axenic cultures and new DNA sequence data of five gene regions of six species, i.e. B. abruptum, B. diversum, B. leptopus, B. obovatum, B. pallidum and B. spilomeum, were studied. Bactrodesmium is a strongly resolved lineage in the Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes), supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. The genus Bactrodesmium is emended and delimited to hyphomycetes characterised by sporodochial conidiomata, mononematous often fasciculate conidiophores, holoblastic conidiogenesis and acrogenous, solitary, dry, pigmented, transversely or rarely longitudinally septate conidia. The conidia are seceding rhexolytically, exhibiting multiple secession patterns. An identification key to 35 species accepted in Bactrodesmium is given, providing the most important diagnostic characters. Novel DNA sequence data of B. longisporum and B. stilboideum confirmed their placement in the Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). For other Bactrodesmium, molecular data are available for B. cubense and B. gabretae, which position them in the Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes, respectively. All four species are excluded from Bactrodesmium and segregated into new genera, Aphanodesmium, Gamsomyces and Kaseifertia. Classification of 20 other species and varieties not recognised in the genus is discussed. Based on new collections of Dematiosporium aquaticum, the type species of Dematiosporium, the genus is emended to accommodate monodictys-like freshwater lignicolous fungi of the Savoryellales characterised by effuse colonies, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and dictyosporous, pigmented conidia with a pore in each cell. Study of additional new collections, cultures and DNA sequence data revealed several unknown species, which are proposed as taxonomic novelties in the Savoryellales and closely related Pleurotheciales. Ascotaiwania latericolla, Helicoascotaiwania lacustris and Pleurotheciella erumpens are described from terrestrial, lentic and lotic habitats from New Zealand and France, respectively. New combinations are proposed for Helicoascotaiwania farinosa and Neoascotaiwania fusiformis. Relationships and systematics of the Savoryellales are discussed in the light of recent phylogenies and morphological patterns newly linked with the order through cultural studies.

新发现的Bactrodesmium abruptum 的系统定位，该属的选型物种，促使重新评估传统上广泛设想的Bactrodesmium属。研究了B. abruptum、B. diversum 、 B. leptopus、B. obovatum、B. pallidum和B. spilomeum 6个物种的5个基因区域的新鲜材料、无菌培养和新的DNA序列数据。Bactrodesmium是Savoryellales ( Sordariomycetes )中的一个强解析谱系，由贝叶斯和最大似然方法支持。拟杆菌属被修正和限定为以孢子体分生孢子体为特征的丝孢菌，单线的通常簇生的分生孢子，完整的分生孢子发生和顶生的、单生的、干燥的、有色的、横向或很少纵向有隔膜的分生孢子。分生孢子以 rhexolytically 分离，表现出多种分离模式。给出了拟杆菌属中接受的 35 个物种的鉴定关键，提供了最重要的诊断特征。B. longisporum和B. stilboideum 的新 DNA 序列数据证实了它们在Sclerococcales ( Eurotiomycetes ) 中的位置。对于其他拟杆菌，分子数据可用于B. cubense和B. gabretae，它们分别位于Dothideomycetes和Leotiomycetes 中。所有四个物种都被排除在Bactrodesmium之外并分离成新属Aphanodesmium、Gamsomyces和Kaseifertia。讨论了该属中未识别的 20 个其他物种和变种的分类。基于的新的集合Dematiosporium缕的类型，物种Dematiosporium属，被仔细的校勘容纳monodictys状的淡水lignicolous真菌Savoryellales其特征是积液集落、完整的分生孢子细胞和网状分生孢子、着色分生孢子，每个细胞都有一个孔。对其他新馆藏、培养物和 DNA 序列数据的研究揭示了几种未知物种，这些物种被提议作为Savoryellales和密切相关的Pleurotheciales 的分类学新奇。Ascotaiwania latericolla、Helicoascotaiwania lacustris和Pleurotheciella erumpens分别来自新西兰和法国的陆地、静息和流动生境。为Helicoascotaiwania farinosa和Neoascotaiwania fusiformis提出了新的组合。关系和系统学根据最近通过文化研究与该顺序相关的系统发育和形态模式来讨论咸味菌目。