Abstract This study examined the non-destructive assessment of chilling injury in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit by means of visible – near infrared interactance spectroscopy. Chilling injury is a physiological disorder which may develop when kiwifruit are stored at commercial storage temperature of 0−1 °C. Symptoms may include a granular appearance, corky outer pericarp and water-soaked tissue. The initial symptoms are visible only when the fruit is cut open. The data set used in this study consisted of 129 ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit, with chilling injury symptoms assessed visually when the fruit was dissected and classified on a five-point severity scale from sound to severe. Near-infrared (NIR) interactance spectral analysis (principal component analysis with standard normal variate (SNV) pre-processing on the wavelength range of 700–1000 nm) was effective in segregating the fruit by symptom severity. A stronger separation between severely damaged fruit and sound fruit was achieved when the NIR measurements were made at the stylar end of the fruit. The optical properties of absorption and scattering coefficients were measured on a selection of excised kiwifruit slices and extracted kiwifruit juice using inverse adding-doubling and light transmittance methods, respectively. A comparative examination of impact damaged fruit (data set of 22 fruit; 11 sound, 11 impacted) gave an alternative perspective on water-soaked tissue, which has a similar appearance in chilling injured and impact damaged fruit, but showed different spectral shapes. It is speculated that the presence of water-soaked tissue might be less informative after SNV processing than corky and granular tissue for the detection of chilling injury. This study reports that there is good potential to use NIR spectroscopy for detecting kiwifruit with chilling injury symptoms.

中文翻译：

---

可见近红外光谱检测猕猴桃冷害的潜力

摘要 本研究检验了猕猴桃冷害的无损评估。chinensis 'Zesy002'猕猴桃的可见-近红外相互作用光谱法。冷害是一种生理障碍，当猕猴桃在 0-1°C 的商业储存温度下储存时可能会发生。症状可能包括颗粒状外观、软木外果皮和浸水组织。只有在切开水果时才能看到最初的症状。本研究中使用的数据集由 129 个“Zesy002”猕猴桃组成，当对水果进行解剖并按照从健全到严重的五点严重度等级进行分类时，对冷害症状进行了视觉评估。近红外 (NIR) 相互作用光谱分析（在 700-1000 nm 波长范围内进行标准正态变量 (SNV) 预处理的主成分分析）可有效地按症状严重程度分离水果。当在果实的花柱端进行 NIR 测量时，严重受损的果实和完好果实之间的分离度更高。分别使用反向加倍和透光率方法对选择的切下猕猴桃切片和提取的猕猴桃汁测量吸收和散射系数的光学特性。对撞击损坏水果的比较检查（22 个水果的数据集；11 个声音，11 个撞击）为浸水组织提供了另一种视角，其在冻伤和撞击损坏的水果中具有相似的外观，但显示出不同的光谱形状。据推测，在 SNV 处理后，水浸组织的存在可能比软木和颗粒组织在检测冷损伤方面提供的信息更少。该研究报告说，使用 NIR 光谱检测具有冷害症状的猕猴桃具有良好的潜力。