Percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent is the most common mode of revascularization for coronary artery disease. However, restenosis rates remain high. Non-stent-based local drug delivery by a drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been investigated, as it leaves no metallic mesh. A DCB consists of a semicompliant balloon coated with antiproliferative agents encapsulated in a polymer matrix, which is released into the wall after inflation and contact with the intima. DCB have demonstrated effectiveness in treating in-stent restenosis. Clinical studies using DCB in de novo coronary artery disease have shown mixed results, with a major benefit in small-vessel disease. Differences in study results are not only due to variations in DCB technology but also to disparity in procedural approach, "leave nothing behind" or "combination therapy," and vessel size. This review focuses on the available evidence from randomized trials and proposes a design for future clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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用于新发冠状动脉疾病的药物涂层球囊

带有药物洗脱支架的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗是冠状动脉疾病最常见的血运重建模式。然而，再狭窄率仍然很高。已经研究了通过药物涂层球囊 (DCB) 进行的基于非支架的局部药物递送，因为它没有留下金属网。DCB 由包覆有抗增殖剂的半顺应性球囊组成，该球囊包裹在聚合物基质中，在膨胀并与内膜接触后释放到壁中。DCB 已证明可有效治疗支架内再狭窄。使用 DCB 治疗新发冠状动脉疾病的临床研究显示结果喜忧参半，对小血管疾病具有主要益处。研究结果的差异不仅是由于 DCB 技术的差异，还在于程序方法的差异，“什么都不留下”或“