Abstract A global multi-regional input-output model with sub-national resolution for Galicia, north-west Spain, was used to study physical and value added trade balances between Galicia, the rest of Spain and the world. Within the framework of Ecologically Unequal Exchange theory, we argue that a region, such as Galicia, can play a twofold role as core and periphery in the global division of extractive activities. We show that Galicia is a sink, i.e. net importer of natural resources from middle- and low-income economies, and that the lower the income of the trade partner, the more raw material intensive the imports (measured as upstream kg per USD imported value added). However, this physical deficit is less accentuated than for the rest of Spain and Galicia's material footprint is significantly lower (~14.2 compared with ~24.5 t/capita). Moreover, Galicia is a source, i.e. net exporter of raw materials compared with more thriving European Union economies and, even for some key trade partners, such as Germany, UK and the rest of Spain, it is a net importer of value added.

中文翻译：

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国家之间和国家内部的原材料交换不平等：加利西亚（西班牙西北部）作为核心外围经济体

摘要 西班牙西北部加利西亚的具有次国家级分辨率的全球多区域投入产出模型被用于研究加利西亚、西班牙其他地区和世界之间的实物和增值贸易平衡。在生态不平等交换理论的框架内，我们认为像加利西亚这样的地区可以在全球采掘活动的分工中扮演核心和边缘双重角色。我们表明加利西亚是一个汇，即来自中等和低收入经济体的自然资源净进口国，贸易伙伴的收入越低，进口的原材料越密集（以每美元进口价值的上游公斤衡量）添加）。然而，与西班牙其他地区相比，这种物质短缺没有那么严重，加利西亚的物质足迹明显较低（约 14.2 吨，而人均约 24.5 吨）。