Finding sustainable pathways to efficiently allocate limited available water resources among increasingly competing water uses has become crucial due to climate-change-induced water shortages and increasing water demand. This has led to an urgent need for the inclusion of economic principles, models, and methods in water resources management. Although several studies have developed macro-economic models to evaluate the economic impacts of alternative water allocation strategies, many if not most ignore the hydrological boundaries of transboundary river basins. Furthermore, of those using input-output (IO) models, only a handful have applied supply-side IO models. In this paper, we present one of the first attempts to develop an inter-regional, supply-side IO modelling framework for a multi-jurisdictional, transboundary river basin to assess the direct and indirect economic impacts of water supply restrictions due to climate and policy change. Applying this framework to the Saskatchewan River Basin in Canada encompassing three provinces, we investigate the economic impacts of two different water supply restriction scenarios on the entire river basin and its sub-basins individually. We find that in the face of climate-change-induced water shortage, economic losses can be reduced by almost 50% by adopting appropriate management practices, including prioritization of water allocation, using alternative water sources, and water re-use technologies.

中文翻译：

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气候和政策变化对供水限制的经济影响：跨界流域供应侧投入产出分析

由于气候变化引起的水资源短缺和不断增加的用水需求，寻找可持续途径在竞争日益激烈的用水之间有效分配有限的可用水资源变得至关重要。这导致迫切需要将经济原则、模型和方法纳入水资源管理。尽管一些研究开发了宏观经济模型来评估替代水资源分配策略的经济影响，但许多研究甚至忽略了跨界流域的水文边界。此外，在使用输入输出 (IO) 模型的那些中，只有少数应用了供应侧 IO 模型。在本文中，我们提出了为多辖区开发跨区域供应方 IO 建模框架的首批尝试之一，跨界流域，以评估由于气候和政策变化而限制供水的直接和间接经济影响。将此框架应用于加拿大萨斯喀彻温河流域（包括三个省），我们分别调查了两种不同的供水限制情景对整个流域及其子流域的经济影响。我们发现，面对气候变化导致的水资源短缺，通过采取适当的管理措施，包括优先分配水资源、使用替代水源和水资源再利用技术，可以减少近 50% 的经济损失。我们分别调查了两种不同的供水限制情景对整个流域及其子流域的经济影响。我们发现，面对气候变化导致的水资源短缺，通过采取适当的管理措施，包括优先分配水资源、使用替代水源和水资源再利用技术，可以减少近 50% 的经济损失。我们分别调查了两种不同的供水限制情景对整个流域及其子流域的经济影响。我们发现，面对气候变化导致的水资源短缺，通过采取适当的管理措施，包括优先分配水资源、使用替代水源和水资源再利用技术，可以减少近 50% 的经济损失。