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Burrowing fauna mediate alternative stable states in the redox cycling of salt marsh sediments
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.021
Sebastiaan J. van de Velde , Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez , Ine Callebaut , Gilad Antler , Rebecca K. James , Martine Leermakers , Filip J.R. Meysman

Abstract The East Anglian salt marsh system (UK) has recently generated intriguing data with respect to sediment biogeochemistry. Neighbouring ponds in these salt marshes show two distinct regimes of redox cycling: the sediments are either iron-rich and bioturbated, or they are sulphide-rich and unbioturbated. No conclusive explanation has yet been given for this remarkable spatial co-occurrence. Here, we quantify the geochemical cycling in both pond types, using pore-water analyses and solid-phase speciation. Our results demonstrate that differences in solid-phase carbon and iron inputs are likely small between pond types, and so these cannot act as the direct driver of the observed redox dichotomy. Instead, our results suggest that the presence of bioturbation plays a key role in the transition from sulphur-dominated to iron-dominated sediments. The presence of burrowing fauna in marine sediments stimulates the mineralisation of organic matter, increases the iron cycling and limits the build-up of free sulphide. Overall, we propose that the observed dichotomy in pond geochemistry is due to alternative stable states, which result from non-linear interactions in the sedimentary iron and sulphur cycles that are amplified by bioturbation. This way, small differences in solid phase input can result in very different regimes of redox cycling due to positive feedbacks. This non-linearity in the iron and sulphur cycling could be an inherent feature of marine sediments, and hence, alternative stable states could be present in other systems.

中文翻译:

穴居动物介导盐沼沉积物氧化还原循环中的替代稳定状态

摘要 东安格利亚盐沼系统(英国)最近在沉积物生物地球化学方面产生了有趣的数据。这些盐沼中的相邻池塘显示出两种不同的氧化还原循环机制:沉积物要么富含铁且受到生物扰动,要么富含硫化物且未受到生物扰动。对于这种显着的空间共现,还没有给出结论性的解释。在这里,我们使用孔隙水分析和固相形态对两种池塘类型的地球化学循环进行量化。我们的结果表明,不同池塘类型之间固相碳和铁输入的差异可能很小,因此这些不能作为观察到的氧化还原二分法的直接驱动因素。相反,我们的结果表明,生物扰动的存在在从以硫为主的沉积物向以铁为主的沉积物的转变中起着关键作用。海洋沉积物中穴居动物群的存在刺激了有机物的矿化,增加了铁循环并限制了游离硫化物的积累。总的来说,我们认为在池塘地球化学中观察到的二分法是由于替代稳定状态,这是由生物扰动放大的沉积铁和硫循环中的非线性相互作用引起的。这样,由于正反馈,固相输入的微小差异会导致非常不同的氧化还原循环机制。铁和硫循环中的这种非线性可能是海洋沉积物的固有特征,因此,其他系统中可能存在替代稳定状态。增加铁循环并限制游离硫化物的积聚。总的来说,我们认为在池塘地球化学中观察到的二分法是由于替代稳定状态,这是由生物扰动放大的沉积铁和硫循环中的非线性相互作用引起的。这样,由于正反馈,固相输入的微小差异会导致非常不同的氧化还原循环机制。铁和硫循环中的这种非线性可能是海洋沉积物的固有特征,因此,其他系统中可能存在替代稳定状态。增加铁循环并限制游离硫化物的积聚。总的来说,我们认为在池塘地球化学中观察到的二分法是由于替代稳定状态,这是由生物扰动放大的沉积铁和硫循环中的非线性相互作用引起的。这样,由于正反馈,固相输入的微小差异会导致非常不同的氧化还原循环机制。铁和硫循环中的这种非线性可能是海洋沉积物的固有特征,因此,其他系统中可能存在替代稳定状态。由于正反馈,固相输入的微小差异会导致非常不同的氧化还原循环机制。铁和硫循环中的这种非线性可能是海洋沉积物的固有特征,因此,其他系统中可能存在替代稳定状态。由于正反馈,固相输入的微小差异会导致非常不同的氧化还原循环机制。铁和硫循环中的这种非线性可能是海洋沉积物的固有特征,因此,其他系统中可能存在替代稳定状态。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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