Widening the 2D/3D Perovskite Family for Efficient and Thermal-Resistant Solar Cells by the Use of Secondary Ammonium Cations,ACS Energy Letters

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Widening the 2D/3D Perovskite Family for Efficient and Thermal-Resistant Solar Cells by the Use of Secondary Ammonium Cations
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02755
Jesús Rodríguez-Romero ₁ , Jesús Sanchez-Diaz _{1,

2} , Carlos Echeverría-Arrondo ₁ , Sofia Masi ₁ , Diego Esparza ₂ , Eva M. Barea ₁ , Iván Mora-Seró ₁

Affiliation

While 2D/3D layered perovskites have been the object of comprehensive research principally focused on increasing the long-term stability observed in 3D perovskites, significant opportunities still exist concerning the application of different kinds of cations outside the sphere of primary amines, which are the cations most usually applied. Our results demonstrate that the materials and the solar cells prepared with dipropylammonium iodide (DipI), a bulky secondary ammonium cation of small size, lead to obtaining materials that are not only efficient and thermodynamically stable but also robust toward heat stress. Time-resolved studies indicate longer carrier lifetime for 2D/3D layered perovskites fabricated with this bulky cation than for systems based on bulky primary ammonium cations, which allowed us to obtain PCE = 12.51% (n = 10), 15.78% (n = 50), and 17.90% (n = 90). We determine that the concentration of perovskite material after 240 min at 100 °C is up to 575% greater in the 2D/3D perovskite (n = 10) than that observed in 3D perovskite films. The material stability also improves the thermal stability of the photovoltaic devices, presenting an efficiency drop of just 4% for n = 50 and n = 10 after thermal annealing while the performance drop for reference 3D samples in the same conditions was greater than 80%.

中文翻译：

通过使用仲铵阳离子扩大2D / 3D钙钛矿家族的效率和耐热性的太阳能电池

尽管2D / 3D层状钙钛矿主要是致力于提高3D钙钛矿中的长期稳定性，这是全面研究的目标，但在伯胺领域以外的各种阳离子的应用方面，仍然存在大量机会，这些阳离子是阳离子最常用的。我们的结果表明，用二丙基碘化铵（DipI）（一种体积小，体积大的仲铵阳离子）制备的材料和太阳能电池不仅可以获得高效，热力学稳定的材料，而且还具有抗热应力的能力。时间分辨研究表明，用这种大体积阳离子制造的2D / 3D层状钙钛矿的载流子寿命比基于大体积伯铵阳离子的系统更长，这使我们获得的PCE = 12.51％（n = 10），15.78％（n = 50）和17.90％（n = 90）。我们确定2D / 3D钙钛矿中n（10）的钙钛矿材料浓度在100°C下240分钟后比3D钙钛矿薄膜中的钙钛矿材料浓度高出575％。材料稳定性还提高了光伏器件的热稳定性，在热退火后，n = 50和n = 10时，效率下降仅为4％，而在相同条件下参考3D样品的性能下降则大于80％。

更新日期：2020-04-23

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