ABSTRACT Gene flow between crops and their weedy or wild relatives can be problematic in modern agricultural systems, especially if it endows novel adaptive genes that confer tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Alternatively, gene flow from weedy relatives to domesticated crops may facilitate ferality through introgression of weedy characteristics in the progeny. Cultivated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), is particularly vulnerable to the risks associated with gene flow to several weedy relatives, johnsongrass (S. halepense), shattercane (S. bicolor ssp. drummondii) and columbusgrass (S. almum). Johnsongrass and shattercane are common weeds in many sorghum production areas around the world. Sorghum varieties with adaptive traits developed through conventional breeding or novel transgenesis pose agronomic and ecological risks if transferred into weedy/wild relatives. Knowledge of the nature and characteristics of gene flow among different sorghum species is scarce, and existing knowledge is scattered. Here, we review current knowledge of gene flow between cultivated sorghum and its weedy and wild relatives. We further discuss potential avenues for addressing gene flow through genetic, molecular, and field level containment, mitigation and management strategies to facilitate successful deployment of novel traits in this economically important crop species.

中文翻译：

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高粱属中的基因流及其后果。

摘要 作物与其杂草或野生近缘种之间的基因流动在现代农业系统中可能存在问题，特别是如果它赋予新的适应性基因来赋予对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性。或者，从杂草近缘种到驯化作物的基因流可以通过后代中杂草特征的渗入促进野性。栽培的高粱 (Sorghum bicolor) 特别容易受到与几种杂草亲戚、约翰松草 (S. halepense)、碎茎 (S. bicolor ssp.drummondii) 和哥伦布草 (S. almum) 的基因流相关的风险的影响。Johnsongrass 和 shattercane 是世界上许多高粱产区常见的杂草。通过常规育种或新型转基因开发的具有适应性特性的高粱品种如果转移到杂草/野生近缘种，则会带来农艺和生态风险。关于不同高粱种间基因流动的性质和特征的知识稀少，现有知识零散。在这里，我们回顾了栽培高粱与其杂草和野生近缘种之间基因流动的当前知识。我们进一步讨论了通过遗传、分子和田间控制、缓解和管理策略来解决基因流动的潜在途径，以促进在这一具有重要经济意义的作物物种中成功部署新的性状。我们回顾了栽培高粱与其杂草和野生近缘种之间基因流动的当前知识。我们进一步讨论了通过遗传、分子和田间控制、缓解和管理策略来解决基因流动的潜在途径，以促进在这一具有重要经济意义的作物物种中成功部署新的性状。我们回顾了栽培高粱与其杂草和野生近缘种之间基因流动的当前知识。我们进一步讨论了通过遗传、分子和田间控制、缓解和管理策略来解决基因流动的潜在途径，以促进在这一具有重要经济意义的作物物种中成功部署新的性状。