ABSTRACT Introgression of spontaneous or induced mutations has been used to increase the levels and diversify the profile of antioxidants in many fruits including tomato. The high-pigment (hp) and old-gold (og) alleles exemplify this approach as attractive genetic resources suitable to inbred elite high-lycopene (HLY) tomato lines with improved color and nutritional attributes. Although several studies have been published on HLY tomatoes, a systematic analysis of the information on their agronomic performances, processing features, and functional quality is lacking, leaving room for the assumption of their poor competitiveness with conventional tomato cultivars and limiting their agricultural diffusion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to critically review the most important agronomic, horticultural, and functional traits of HLY tomatoes, as well as the advances in some emerging (pre)industrial applications. Field experiments performed in different countries showed that most available HLY lines are productive, vigorous, with excellent foliage cover and with morphologically acceptable fruit. Tomato yield of HLY genotypes ranged from ∼30 to ∼178 t/ha exceeding, in some trials, that of highly productive cultivars. Red-ripe fruits of most HLY lines showed commercially suitable soluble solids and titratable acidity, in addition to increased levels of lycopene (up to 440 mg/kg fw) and other bioactive phytochemicals (mainly flavonoids and vitamin C) compared to their near isogenic conventional counterparts. Innovative (pre)industrial uses of HLY tomato include the following: (1) production of HLY sauces, juices, and powders; (2) supercritical-CO2 extraction of lycopene containing oleoresins; and (3) preparation of lycopene rich micro- and nano-carriers with improved stability and specific tissue delivery. In turn, the use of these innovative high-quality ingredients in the formulation of lycopene fortified foods, cosmetic products, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals has been proposed as the basis of a novel highly profitable tomato product chain.

中文翻译：

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当颜色真的很重要时：高番茄红素番茄的园艺性能和功能质量

摘要自发或诱导突变的基因渗入已被用于增加包括番茄在内的许多水果中抗氧化剂的水平和多样化。高色素 (hp) 和老金 (og) 等位基因证明了这种方法是有吸引力的遗传资源，适用于具有改善的颜色和营养属性的自交高番茄红素 (HLY) 番茄品系。尽管已经发表了几项关于 HLY 番茄的研究，但缺乏对其农艺性能、加工特征和功能质量信息的系统分析，这为假设它们与传统番茄品种竞争力差并限制其农业传播的假设留有余地。因此，本研究的目的是批判性地回顾 HLY 番茄最重要的农艺、园艺和功能性状，以及一些新兴（前）工业应用的进步。在不同国家进行的田间试验表明，大多数可用的 HLY 品系多产、生长旺盛、具有优良的叶面覆盖和形态上可接受的果实。HLY 基因型的番茄产量范围从 ~30 到 ~178 t/ha，在某些试验中超过了高产栽培品种的产量。大多数 HLY 品系的红熟果实显示出商业上适合的可溶性固体和可滴定的酸度，此外与它们的近等基因传统相比，番茄红素（高达 440 mg/kg fw）和其他生物活性植物化学物质（主要是黄酮类化合物和维生素 C）的含量增加同行。HLY 番茄的创新（前）工业用途包括： (1) HLY 酱汁、果汁和粉末的生产；(2)超临界-CO2萃取含油树脂的番茄红素；(3) 制备具有改进的稳定性和特异性组织递送的富含番茄红素的微米和纳米载体。反过来，在番茄红素强化食品、化妆品、营养保健品和药物的配方中使用这些创新的高质量成分已被提议作为新型高利润番茄产品链的基础。