Abstract Bryophytes include about 20,000 species characterized by their poikilohydric condition, high long-distance dispersal capacities, and cold tolerance. Despite these specific life-history traits, large-scale biogeographic patterns in bryophytes are consistent with those observed in other groups, wherein they have been interpreted in terms of historical factors. Comparative phylogeographic analyses in bryophytes and angiosperms suggest, however, that spatially congruent patterns may not necessarily arise from common processes. This is best illustrated by the strikingly lower rates of endemism at all taxonomic and spatial scales in bryophytes due to their failure to diversify in-situ and the rapidity at which they enlarge their distribution range. In particular, the striking transoceanic disjunctions that are typical for many bryophyte species and their low community turnover at broad geographic scales both point to the higher capacities of bryophytes for long-distance dispersal than angiosperms. Such high long-distance dispersal capacities are reflected in the lower spatial genetic structure of bryophytes as compared to angiosperms at large geographic scales. This explains why, as opposed to the expectations of MacArthur & Wilson's model, bryophyte species richness is not necessarily lower on islands than on continents, suggesting that community assembly is more constrained by ecological filtering than dispersal limitations in bryophytes. The low relevance of historical factors for global patterns of bryophyte species richness has contributed to the idea that, as opposed to the predictions of one of the most general rules in ecology, bryophyte species richness does not decrease with latitude due to a strong tropical niche conservatism. Recent evidence for the existence of a latitudinal species richness gradient in bryophytes raises, however, the question of why bryophytes diversified faster in the tropics. This and other avenues of research in bryophyte biogeography are discussed.

中文翻译：

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苔藓植物生物地理学

摘要 苔藓植物包括约 20,000 种，其特征是它们的变水条件、高长距离传播能力和耐寒性。尽管有这些特定的生活史特征，苔藓植物的大规模生物地理模式与在其他群体中观察到的模式一致，其中它们已被解释为历史因素。然而，苔藓植物和被子植物的比较系统地理学分析表明，空间一致的模式可能不一定来自共同的过程。苔藓植物在所有分类学和空间尺度上的特有率显着降低，这是最好的说明，因为它们无法在原地多样化，而且它们扩大分布范围的速度很快。特别是，许多苔藓植物物种典型的显着跨洋分离及其在广泛地理范围内的低群落周转率都表明苔藓植物比被子植物具有更高的远距离传播能力。与大地理尺度的被子植物相比，苔藓植物的空间遗传结构较低，反映了如此高的长距离传播能力。这解释了为什么与麦克阿瑟和威尔逊模型的预期相反，岛屿上的苔藓植物物种丰富度不一定低于大陆，这表明群落组装更受生态过滤的限制，而不是苔藓植物的扩散限制。历史因素与全球苔藓植物物种丰富度模式的低相关性促成了以下观点：与生态学中最普遍的规则之一的预测相反，由于强烈的热带生态位保守主义，苔藓植物物种丰富度不会随着纬度而减少。然而，最近关于苔藓植物存在纬度物种丰富度梯度的证据提出了一个问题，即为什么苔藓植物在热带地区的多样化速度更快。讨论了苔藓植物生物地理学研究的这一途径和其他途径。