After initial claims and a long hiatus, it is now established that several binary stars emit high- (0.1–100 GeV) and very high-energy (>100 GeV) gamma rays. A new class has emerged called “gamma-ray binaries”, since most of their radiated power is emitted beyond 1 MeV. Accreting X-ray binaries, novae and a colliding wind binary (η Car) have also been detected—“related systems” that confirm the ubiquity of particle acceleration in astrophysical sources. Do these systems have anything in common? What drives their high-energy emission? How do the processes involved compare to those in other sources of gamma rays: pulsars, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants? I review the wealth of observational and theoretical work that have followed these detections, with an emphasis on gamma-ray binaries. I present the current evidence that gamma-ray binaries are driven by rotation-powered pulsars. Binaries are laboratories giving access to different vantage points or physical conditions on a regular timescale as the components revolve on their orbit. I explain the basic ingredients that models of gamma-ray binaries use, the challenges that they currently face, and how they can bring insights into the physics of pulsars. I discuss how gamma-ray emission from microquasars provides a window into the connection between accretion–ejection and acceleration, while η Car and novae raise new questions on the physics of these objects—or on the theory of diffusive shock acceleration. Indeed, explaining the gamma-ray emission from binaries strains our theories of high-energy astrophysical processes, by testing them on scales and in environments that were generally not foreseen, and this is how these detections are most valuable.

中文翻译：

---

伽马射线二进制文件和相关系统

在最初的声明和长时间的中断之后，现在确定几颗双星发出高（0.1-100 GeV）和非常高（> 100 GeV）的伽马射线。出现了一种称为“伽马射线双星”的新类别，因为它们的大部分辐射功率都超过 1 MeV。吸积的 X 射线双星、新星和碰撞风双星 (η Car) 也被探测到——“相关系统”证实了天体物理源中粒子加速的普遍存在。这些系统有什么共同点吗？是什么推动了它们的高能量排放？所涉及的过程与其他伽马射线源中的过程相比如何：脉冲星、活动星系核、超新星遗迹？我回顾了这些探测之后的大量观测和理论工作，重点是伽马射线双星。我提出了当前的证据，即伽马射线双星是由旋转驱动的脉冲星驱动的。双星是实验室，当组件绕其轨道旋转时，可以在规则的时间尺度上访问不同的有利位置或物理条件。我解释了伽马射线双星模型使用的基本成分，它们目前面临的挑战，以及它们如何能够深入了解脉冲星的物理学。我讨论了来自微类星体的伽马射线发射如何为吸积-抛射和加速度之间的联系提供了一个窗口，而 η Car 和新星提出了关于这些物体的物理学的新问题 - 或关于扩散冲击加速度的理论。事实上，解释双星的伽马射线发射会使我们的高能天体物理过程理论变得紧张，