Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been shown to have the capacity to help study, manipulation,design, and synthesis of new nano‐sized materials to manufacture new products with desirable features never seen before. The unique properties of materials at nanoscale opens an excellent possibility for nanotechnology to be used in soil environmental remediation, and water, and air decontamination. In crop management, nanomaterials are used to regulate the controlled release of nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides. However, it is not only necessary to expose the positive effects by the application of the nanomaterials but also to demonstrate the impacts on soil and nontarget organisms (plants, mesofauna, macrofauna, and soil microbiota). In this context, pieces of evidence on the adverse effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) on the physicochemical and biological properties of soils are discussed in this paper. We have found a diversity of contradictory results. The summaries, findings, and conclusions of most of the investigations support the need to understand the biological or physicochemical transformation and transport of ENP in soil, and in the plant‐organism relationship. Better understanding regarding the soil biota coupled with the ecological ENP behavior could ensure the safe use of ENP. Nanomaterials can change the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils; consequently, long‐term in situ field trials are required, and meanwhile, land‐application of nanomaterials should be limited to scientific experiments to fill knowledge gaps to not jeopardize the global food production or the environment and worldwide human health.

中文翻译：

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工程纳米粒子对土壤生物的影响：它们是否改善了土壤质量和作物产量或危害了它们？

纳米科学和纳米技术已被证明能够帮助研究，操纵，设计和合成新的纳米级材料，以制造具有前所未有的理想特性的新产品。纳米级材料的独特性能为将纳米技术用于土壤环境修复，水和空气净化提供了极好的可能性。在作物管理中，纳米材料用于调节养分，肥料和农药的控制释放。然而，不仅有必要通过应用纳米材料来揭示其积极作用，而且还必须证明其对土壤和非目标生物（植物，中型动物，大型动物和土壤微生物群）的影响。在这种情况下，本文讨论了有关工程化纳米颗粒（ENP）对土壤理化和生物学特性的不利影响的证据。我们发现了各种矛盾的结果。大多数研究的总结，发现和结论支持需要了解ENP在土壤中以及植物与生物之间的关系的生物学或物理化学转化和运输。对土壤生物区系和生态ENP行为的更好了解可以确保ENP的安全使用。纳米材料可以改变土壤的物理化学和生物学特性。因此，需要进行长期的现场试验，同时，